Association between maternal marginalization and infants born with congenital heart disease in Ontario Canada

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Distributions of maternal characteristics among different types of CHD and overall populations

	Overall CHD		Severe CHD		Single ventricle CHD		All population
	N	Col %^a	N	Col %^a	N	Col %^a	N	Col %^a
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass (mean ± SD) index (BMI) in kg/m², mean ± SD	25.05 ± 6.16		25.98 ± 6.71		26.10 ± 6.29		26.08 ± 6.87
Maternal age at birth in years, mean ± SD	30.94 ± 5.73		31.16 ± 5.77		30.76 ± 5.87		30.62 ± 5.29
< 30	3663	39.18	1160	37.82	204	41.46	312,222	40.22
30–34	3101	33.17	1015	33.90	159	32.32	283,473	36.52
35 +	2584	27.64	892	29.08	129	26.22	180,591	23.26
Obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²
No	6310	67.42	614	68.72	99	70.59	565,731	72.83
Yes	1857	19.84	2109	20.01	348	20.88	118,179	15.21
Missing	1192	12.74	346	11.27	46	9.33	92,889	11.96
ART derived pregnancy
No	8983	95.98	125	95.93	20	95.94	752,106	96.82
Yes	376	4.02	2944	4.07	473	4.06	24,693	3.18
Maternal smoking or social drug use or alcohol consumption during pregnancy^b
Yes	1444	16.06	454	15.48	69	14.84	89,496	11.81
No	7545	83.94	2479	84.52	396	85.16	668,438	88.19
Missing	370		136		28		18,865
All types of mental health illness in pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy
Yes	1831	19.56	595	19.39	102	20.69	114,373	14.72
No	7528	80.44	2474	80.61	391	79.31	662,426	85.28
Pre-pregnancy health conditions
Yes	2772	29.62	1059	34.51	184	37.32	143,977	18.53
No	6587	70.38	2010	65.49	309	62.68	632,822	81.47
Pregnancy outcome
Stillbirth^c	353	3.77	242	7.89	100	20.28	4710	0.61
Livebirth	9006	96.23	2827	92.11	393	79.72	772,089	99.39
Termination
Yes	289	3.09	210	6.84	95	19.27	1537	0.20
No	9070	96.91	2859	93.16	398	80.73	775,262	99.80
Rural residence
Yes	1098	11.73	331	10.79	50	10.14	84,346	10.86
No	8261	88.27	2738	89.21	443	89.86	692,453	89.14

^a % calculation represents the column percentage
^b Missing values were excluded for % calculation
^c Include fetal deaths due to spontaneous loss or termination at ≥20 gestational weeks or fetus birth weight ≥500 grams

ISSN: 1471-2458