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Table 4 Toxicological findings for the suspected pesticide poisoning cases according to testing method

From: Child and adolescent mortality associated with pesticide toxicity in Cape Town, South Africa, 2010–2019: a retrospective case review

Toxicological results

No. of cases

n (% of analysed cases)

Pharmacology screening (N = 24)

 No drugs detected

12 (50.0)

 Drugsa

4 (16.7)

 Organophosphate pesticide metabolites (diethyl thiophosphate/diethyl dithiophosphate)

3 (12.5)

 Atropine only

2 (8.3)

 Terbufos (trace) + drugsb

2 (8.3)

 Carbendazim

1 (4.2)

Formal toxicological analysis (N = 50)

 Terbufos

26 (52.0)

 Outstanding

9 (18.0)

 Drugsc

6 (1.2)

 Terbufos + drugsd

2 (4.0)

 Methamidophos

2 (4.0)

 Diazinon

2 (4.0)

 Carbofuran + drugse

1 (2.0)

 Phorate + terbufos + ethion

1 (2.0)

 No drugs or pesticides detected

1 (2.0)

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) analysis (N = 12)

 BAC < 0.01 g/100 mL (not detected)

11 (91.7)

 BAC = 0.02 g/100 mL

1 (8.3)

  1. a1: acetaminophen, diazepam, lidocaine, midazolam; 2: acetaminophen, salicylamide, methamphetamine, diphenhydramine; 3: phenytoin; 4: amidarone, hyoscamine, diclofenac
  2. b1: atropine; 2: metoclopramide, morphine;
  3. c1:midazolam, orphenadrine, phenobarbital; 2: diphenhydramine, doxylamine; 3: chlorpheniramine, orphenadrine; 4: methamphetamine, morphine; 5: acetaminophen; 6: isoniazid
  4. d1: acetaminophen; 2: metoclopramide, morphine
  5. e1: acetaminophen