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Table 1 Demographic and health characteristics according to participation in sport categories, among adults aged 20 to 75 years, 2012–2019, Geneva

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation: pattern per sport and time trends – a repeated cross-sectional study

 

Total

 

Sport participation

 
   

All

Individuala

Racketa

Groupa

Speciala

 
 

n (%b)

 

n (%)

P-valuec

n (%)

P-valuec

n (%)

P-valuec

n (%)

P-valuec

n (%)

P-valuec

 

Total

7769 (100.00)

 

4660 (60.0)

 

3424 (44.1)

 

407 (5.2)

 

2034 (26.2)

 

662 (8.5)

  

Sex (n = 7769)

             

Men

3823 (49.2)

 

2333 (61.0)

0.068

1802 (47.1)

< 0.001

287 (7.5)

< 0.001

790 (20.7)

< 0.001

399 (10.4)

< 0.001

 

Women

3946 (50.8)

 

2327 (59.0)

 

1622 (41.1)

 

120 (3.0)

 

1244 (31.5)

 

263 (6.7)

  

Age (n = 7769)

             

20–34

1885 (24.3)

 

1244 (66.0)

< 0.001

984 (52.2)

< 0.001

119 (6.3)

0.009

528 (28.0)

0.001

138 (7.3)

0.006

 

35–49

2735 (35.2)

 

1707 (62.4)

 

1316 (48.1)

 

153 (5.6)

 

657 (24.0)

 

273 (10.0)

  

50–64

2125 (27.4)

 

1187 (55.9)

 

823 (38.7)

 

96 (4.5)

 

543 (25.6)

 

173 (8.1)

  

65–75

1024 (13.2)

 

522 (51.0)

 

301 (29.4)

 

39 (3.8)

 

306 (29.9)

 

78 (7.6)

  

Country of birth (n = 7757)

             

Switzerland

3815 (49.1)

 

2430 (63.7)

< 0.001

1749 (45.8)

< 0.001

227 (6.0)

< 0.001

1069 (28.0)

< 0.001

376 (9.9)

< 0.001

 

Southern Europe

1123 (14.5)

 

556 (49.5)

 

418 (37.2)

 

27 (2.4)

 

255 (22.7)

 

44 (3.9)

  

Western Europe

1097 (14.1)

 

699 (63.7)

 

531 (48.4)

 

66 (6.0)

 

289 (26.3)

 

140 (12.8)

  

Eastern / South-Eastern Europe

394 (5.1)

 

240 (60.9)

 

181 (45.9)

 

24 (6.1)

 

116 (29.4)

 

28 (7.1)

  

Other

1338 (17.2)

 

735 (54.9)

 

545 (40.7)

 

63 (4.7)

 

305 (22.8)

 

74 (5.5)

  

Self-perceived health (n = 7762)

             

Very good

2235 (28.8)

 

1574 (70.4)

< 0.001

1225 (54.8)

< 0.001

152 (6.8)

< 0.001

670 (30.0)

< 0.001

250 (11.2)

< 0.001

 

Good

4376 (56.3)

 

2572 (58.8)

 

1828 (41.8)

 

223 (5.1)

 

1139 (26.0)

 

362 (8.3)

  

Medium

1078 (13.9)

 

482 (44.7)

 

344 (31.9)

 

30 (2.8)

 

217 (20.1)

 

45 (4.2)

  

Poor

62 (0.8)

 

23 (37.1)

 

19 (30.6)

 

0 (0.0)

 

7 (11.3)

 

4 (6.5)

  

Very poor

11 (0.1)

 

6 (54.5)

 

5 (45.5)

 

1 (9.1)

 

1 (9.1)

 

1 (9.1)

  

Body mass index d (n = 7654)

             

Under/normal weight (< 25 kg/m2)

4638 (59.7)

 

3033 (65.4)

< 0.001

2270 (48.9)

< 0.001

251 (5.4)

0.064

1356 (29.2)

< 0.001

438 (9.4)

< 0.001

 

Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2)

2274 (29.3)

 

1254 (55.1)

 

896 (39.4)

 

129 (5.7)

 

518 (22.8)

 

182 (8.0)

  

Obesity (≥ 30 kg/m2)

742 (9.6)

 

329 (44.3)

 

225 (30.3)

 

26 (3.5)

 

145 (19.5)

 

38 (5.1)

  

Chronic disease (n = 7769)

             

No

6088 (78.4)

 

3849 (63.2)

< 0.001

2888 (47.4)

< 0.001

345 (5.7)

0.002

1681 (27.6)

< 0.001

542 (8.9)

0.025

 

Yes

1681 (21.6)

 

811 (48.2)

 

536 (31.9)

 

62 (3.7)

 

353 (21.0)

 

120 (7.1)

  

Smoking (n = 7761)

             

No

6105 (78.6)

 

3785 (62.0)

< 0.001

2799 (45.8)

< 0.001

327 (5.4)

0.43

1657 (27.1)

< 0.001

543 (8.9)

0.031

 

Yes

1656 (21.3)

 

871 (52.6)

 

623 (37.6)

 

80 (4.8)

 

375 (22.6)

 

119 (7.2)

  

Educational level (n = 7691)

             

Tertiary

4003 (51.5)

 

2721 (68.0)

< 0.001

2027 (50.6)

< 0.001

280 (7.0)

< 0.001

1158 (28.9)

< 0.001

459 (11.5)

< 0.001

 

Upper secondary

3088 (39.7)

 

1661 (53.8)

 

1196 (38.7)

 

116 (3.8)

 

751 (24.3)

 

185 (6.0)

  

Lower secondary

600 (7.7)

 

229 (38.2)

 

163 (27.2)

 

9 (1.5)

 

100 (16.7)

 

11 (1.8)

  

Household income e (n = 6927)

             

≥7000 CHF

1962 (25.3)

 

1367 (69.7)

< 0.001

1032 (52.6)

< 0.001

152 (7.7)

< 0.001

549 (28.0)

0.001

266 (13.6)

< 0.001

 

5000–6999 CHF

1806 (23.2)

 

1157 (64.1)

 

824 (45.6)

 

104 (5.8)

 

494 (27.4)

 

193 (10.7)

  

3000–4999 CHF

1953 (25.1)

 

1065 (54.5)

 

763 (39.1)

 

79 (4.0)

 

485 (24.8)

 

114 (5.8)

  

<3000 CHF

1206 (15.5)

 

563 (46.7)

 

407 (33.7)

 

36 (3.0)

 

269 (22.3)

 

38 (3.2)

  

Occupational position (n = 5429)

             

Non-manual manager

1584 (20.4)

 

1097 (69.3)

< 0.001

859 (54.2)

< 0.001

128 (8.1)

< 0.001

377 (23.8)

< 0.001

229 (14.5)

< 0.001

 

Non-manual worker

2606 (33.5)

 

1664 (63.9)

 

1217 (46.7)

 

146 (5.6)

 

736 (28.2)

 

220 (8.4)

  

Manual self-employed worker

249 (3.2)

 

135 (54.2)

 

84 (33.7)

 

10 (4.0)

 

64 (25.7)

 

14 (5.6)

  

Manual worker

990 (12.7)

 

441 (44.5)

 

343 (34.6)

 

22 (2.2)

 

160 (16.2)

 

33 (3.3)

  
  1. a Sport categories: Individual (running, brisk walking, racing bicycle, strength training/weightlifting, swimming, ice-/roller-skating); Racket (tennis/badminton, squash); Group (dance, football, handball, gymnastics, judo/karate); Special (golf, downhill/water skiing, cross-country skiing, diving). Participants could engage in several sports
  2. b Percentages calculated on the total number of participants (7769). Missing categories are not shown, therefore percentages may not add up to 100%. The numbers of observations without missing values are provided in the headline of each variable
  3. c P-values from Chi-Square tests of sport participation adjusted for multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni method
  4. d Body mass index categories according to the World Health Organization classification [28]
  5. e Gross monthly household income adjusted for the number of people living in the household according to the OECD-modified scale [25]
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