Fig. 4

Summary of significant differences between HHS and flat shoes/barefoot biomechanics and balance found with meta-analyses. The up and down arrows represent greater and lower in HHS compared to flat shoes/barefoot, respectively. HHS high-heeled shoes; ROM range of motion; GRF ground reaction force; TUGT time up and go test; AP anterior–posterior; SLST single leg stance test; LoS limits of stability test