Table 3 Multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with tobacco use among Tehran cohort study participants

Age category, year

 35–44

Ref

 45–54

0.752 (0.636–0.888)

0.001

 55–64

0.784 (0.653–0.942)

0.009

 65–74

0.574 (0.456–0.722)

 < 0.001

  ≥ 75

0.356 (0.250–0.507)

 < 0.001

Male sex

4.316 (3.737–4.984)

 < 0.001

Being married

1.949 (0.806–4.712)

0.138

Education, year

 Illiterate

Ref

 < 0.001

 1–5

1.158 (0.784–1.710)

0.461

 6–12

1.389 (0.988–1.954)

0.059

  > 12

0.980 (0.687–1.398)

0.913

Body mass index, kg/m2

  < 20

Ref

0.014

 20–24.9

0.690 (0.484–0.983)

0.04

 25–29.9

0.584 (0.412–0.827)

0.002

 30–34.9

0.603 (0.419–0.869)

0.007

  ≥ 35

0.682 (0.447–1.039)

0.075

Physical activity

 Low

Ref

0.738

 Intermediate

1.077 (0.891–1.302)

0.444

 High

1.075 (0.870–1.329)

0.504

Opium consumption

5.557 (4.390–7.035)

 < 0.001

Alcohol consumption

4.737 (3.955–5.673)

 < 0.001

Hypertension

0.774 (0.649–0.925)

0.005

Diabetes mellitus

0.903 (0.737–1.106)

0.323

Dyslipidemia

0.903 (0.773–1.055)

0.199

Chronic kidney disease

0.801 (0.342 -1.877)

0.61

Chronic lung disease

0.867 (0.588–1.278)

0.472

Coronary artery disease

0.896 (0.701–1.145)

0.382