The impact of income-support interventions on life course risk factors and health outcomes during childhood: a systematic review in high income countries

Table 4 Effect findings by study design and type of intervention

Intervention	Study design	Positive impact¹	Negative impact²	Null effect
*Unconditional cash transfer*
Brownell et al. [23]	Natural experiment—Propensity score matching	•	•^a
Chung et al. [33]	Natural experiment- difference in difference	•
Leyland et al. [22]	Natural experiment – Interrupted Time Series analysis			•
Milligan et al. [25]	Natural experiment – Difference in Difference	•
*Conditional cash transfer*
Morris et al. [24]	RCT*			•
Rosenthal et al. [35]	Natural experiment – IV* analysis	•
Almond et al. [34]	Natural experiment- fixed effect model	•
*Earned income tax credit*
Baker et al. [38]	Propensity score matching	•
Hamad et al. 2015 [29]	Natural experiment—IV analysis			•
Hamad t al. 2016 [30]	Natural experiment—IV analysis	•
Komro et al. 2019 [26]	Natural experiment – Difference in Difference	•
Hoynes et al. [31]	Natural experiment – Before and After	•
Strully et al. [27]	Natural experiment- difference in difference	•
Wicks-Lim et al. [32]	Natural experiment- difference in difference	•
*Minimum wage salary*
Komro et al. 2016 [36]	Natural experiment- difference in difference	•
Wehby et al. [37]	Natural experiment- difference in difference	•

1. Effect in the expected direction (i.e. health outcome improved after the intervention).
2. Effect in the opposite direction expected (i.e. health outcome worsened after the intervention)
a. For Large for Gestational age only an increased risk was found
^*RCTs, randomised controlled trials; IV, instrumental variable

ISSN: 1471-2458