Table 4 Analysis of Potential Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Ever Binge Drinking: Final Model (n = 3968)

Sociodemographic

 Gender

  Male

Ref

  Female

0.55

0.46–0.67

 < 0.001

 Ethnicity

  White

Ref

  Non-White

0.49

0.31–0.77

0.002

 Maternal Education

  Tertiary

Ref

  Secondary

1.06

0.85–1.31

0.620

  Primary

1.03

0.67–1.57

0.910

  Didn’t Know

0.94

0.73–1.20

0.596

Individual

 Mental Health

  Very good/good

Ref

  Okay

0.90

0.73–1.11

0.313

  Bad/very bad

1.61

1.26–2.06

 < 0.001

 Current cigarette use

  No

Ref

  Yes

4.06

3.01–5.47

 < 0.001

 Current cannabis use

  No

Ref

  Yes

2.79

1.80–4.31

 < 0.001

Parents and family

 Parental supervision

  1 SD increase corresponds to

0.80

0.73–0.88

 < 0.001

 Parental drunkenness

  No/less than weekly

Ref

  At least weekly

1.25

0.98–1.59

0.071

 Parental reaction to drunkenness

  A bit against/wouldn’t care

Ref

  Totally against/against it

0.51

0.42–0.61

 < 0.001

 Gets alcohol from parents

  Never/rarely

Ref

  Sometimes/often/almost always

1.79

1.42–2.25

 < 0.001

Peer Group

 Having friends that drink alcohol

  No

Ref

  Yes

4.59

2.65–7.94

 < 0.001

School

 School engagement

  1 SD increase corresponds to

1.26

1.15–1.38

 < 0.001

Leisure Time/Source of Alcohol in Local Community

 Team/club sports participation

  Never

Ref

  1–4 times/week

1.30

1.07–1.57

0.008

  5 or more times/week

1.52

1.07–2.16

0.020

 Gets alcohol from friends

  Never/rarely

Ref

  Sometimes/often/almost always

5.98

4.95–7.21

 < 0.001

 Gets alcohol from another adult

  Never/rarely

Ref

  Sometimes/often/almost always

4.18

3.35–5.21

 < 0.001