Table 1 Participant characteristics

CVD risk, %

mean (SD)

12.4

(11.5)

17.1

(11.1)

12.3

(11.0)

17.4

(11.7)

High CVD risk ≥ 20%

n (%)

871

(18.3)

1,276

(31.8)

375

(18.5)

392

(31.5)

Age, years

mean (SD)

52.7

(9.2)

52.1

(8.8)

52.7

(9.2)

52.1

(8.8)

Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mmHg

mean (SD)

124.4

(20.8)

126.4

(19.8)

124.9

(21.1)

126.8

(21.1)

High SBP ≥ 140 mmHg

n (%)

1,364

(29.3)

1,312

(33.3)

555

(30.0)

383

(33.5)

Total cholesterol (TC), mmol/L

mean (SD)

5.7

(1.2)

5.2

(1.2)

5.7

(1.2)

5.3

(1.2)

High TC > 6.2 mmol/L

n (%)

1,366

(29.8)

688

(19.1)

582

(31.3)

203

(19.3)

Fasting blood sugar (FBS), mg/dL

mean (SD)

98.3

(39.0)

99.8

(39.5)

97.3

(37.8)

99.3

(37.5)

High blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL

n (%)

371

(8.3)

314

(8.9)

137

(7.5)

102

(9.3)

Smoker, %

n (%)

414

(8.5)

1,797

(45.1)

145

(7.5)

468

(43.5)

Wealth index quintile group

n (%)

 Poorest

1,073

(20.0)

967

(20.0)

420

(20.0)

251

(20.1)

 Poor

993

(20.0)

876

(20.0)

382

(20.0)

223

(20.0)

 Middle

899

(20.0)

801

(20.0)

359

(20.0)

226

(20.0)

 Rich

811

(20.0)

701

(20.0)

339

(19.9)

210

(19.9)

 Richest

740

(19.9)

601

(20.0)

301

(20.0)

189

(20.0)

Urban location

n (%)

1,957

(52.4)

1,571

(50.7)

826

(52.2)

509

(50.8)

Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2

mean (SD)

24.2

(4.6)

23.2

(3.8)

Overweight, BMI ≥ 25

n (%)

682

(41.1)

314

(29.5)

Low physical activity

n (%)

1,018

(55.6)

569

(52.4)

Fat share energy intake, %

mean (SD)

14.9

(8.6)

13.8

(8.4)

Drinks alcohol

n (%)

207

(11.1)

535

(50.1)