Table 1 Demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and medical histories related to metabolic syndrome (N = 565)
Variable | Total (N = 565) | Metabolic syndrome | χ2 / t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (N = 490) | Yes (N = 75) | ||||
Age (years) | 46.80 ± 6.97a | 46.65 ± 6.92a | 47.84 ± 7.28a | -1.371 | 0.171 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 4.843 | 0.028 |
 Male | 145 (25.7) | 118 (81.4) | 27 (18.6) |  |  |
 Female | 420 (74.3) | 372 (88.6) | 48 (11.4) |  |  |
Shift work | Â | Â | Â | 1.863 | 0.172 |
 Yes | 305 (54.0) | 270 (88.5) | 35 (11.5) |  |  |
 No | 260 (46.0) | 220 (84.6) | 40 (15.4) |  |  |
Drinks milk | Â | Â | Â | 0.019 | 0.889 |
 Yes | 21 (3.7) | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) |  |  |
 No | 544 (96.3) | 472 (86.8) | 72 (13.2) |  |  |
Eats at least three servings of vegetables and two servings of fruit per day | Â | Â | Â | 1.169 | 0.280 |
 Yes | 224 (39.6) | 190 (84.8) | 34 (15.2) |  |  |
 No | 341 (60.4) | 300 (88.0) | 41 (12.0) |  |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 6.133 | 0.013 |
 Yes | 23 (4.1) | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) |  |  |
 No | 542 (95.9) | 474 (87.5) | 68 (12.5) |  |  |
Drinks alcohol | Â | Â | Â | 1.417 | 0.234 |
 Yes | 156 (27.6) | 131 (84.0) | 25 (16.0) |  |  |
 No | 409 (72.4) | 359 (87.8) | 50 (12.2) |  |  |
Chews betel nuts | Â | Â | Â | 5.388 | 0.020 |
 Yes | 7 (1.2) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) |  |  |
 No | 558 (98.8) | 486 (87.1) | 72 (12.9) |  |  |
Number of chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | 15.093 | 0.001 |
 ≥ 2 | 59 (10.5) | 43 (72.9) | 16 (27.1) |  |  |
 1 | 151 (26.7) | 127 (84.1) | 24 (15.9) |  |  |
 0 | 355 (62.8) | 320 (90.1) | 35 (9.9) |  |  |
Number of family history risk factors |  |  |  | 20.881 | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 4 | 38 (6.7) | 24 (63.2) | 14 (36.8) |  |  |
 3 | 78 (13.8) | 66 (84.6) | 12 (15.4) |  |  |
 2 | 132 (23.4) | 117 (88.6) | 15 (11.4) |  |  |
 1 | 164 (29.0) | 147 (89.6) | 17 (10.4) |  |  |
 0 | 153 (27.1) | 136 (88.9) | 17 (11.1) |  |  |