Table 4 Integration of barriers and facilitators classified based on COM-B dimensions,
Integration of barriers and facilitators classified based on COM-B dimensions, indicating the intervention function recommended. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
COM-B dimension | Code | Required action B: Behavioral reformulation of T2:Barriers F: Behavioral formulation of T3: Facilitator | INTERVENTION FUNCTION ASSOCIATED |
Psychological capability | B1 | Improve sex education without making it superficial or associated with punishment | Education |
B2 | Improve the training of sex and reproductive health education teachers | Education | |
B3 | Not centering sex education only on biological aspects | Education | |
B8 | Diminishing male chauvinist attitudes toward the use of condoms | Persuasion | |
B9 | Design campaigns without prejudice against the female condom | Persuasion | |
B12 | Offer information that allows for distinguishing quality information on the Internet | Education | |
B15 | Increase clear information among adolescents and young people | Education | |
B19 | Train the staff to address people who are sexual dissidents (intersex, queer, trans) | Education | |
B21 | Design specific training for engineering students | Education | |
B24 | Improve knowledge about vaginal condoms. | Education | |
B25 | Improve the knowledge of the community about the existence of condom dispensers | Education | |
B26 | Teach about the relationship between alcohol consumption and condoms | Education | |
B31 | Training in price and access to condoms | Education | |
B38 | Training in what is a risk behavior | Education | |
F4 | Promote the use of condoms to prevent pregnancy | Education | |
F10 | Offer strategies for talking with friends about the importance of screening | Training | |
F14 | Increase training in the use of vaginal condoms | Education | |
F16 | Be assertive to request potential partners’ negative STI test results | Training | |
F21 | Capability to verbalize an HIV + status | Training | |
F23 | Offer campaigns with updated content | Education | |
F26 | Offer campaigns with information about risk behaviors even if in a monogamous relationship | Education | |
F31 | Campaigns that offer concrete information and responses for each person. | Education | |
F33 | Campaigns that focus on skills for self-care. | Training | |
Physical capability | B7 | Create workshops about the correct use of condoms | Training |
B16 | Facilitate campaigns and practical workshops oriented to real needs | Training | |
F9 | Create safe points for obtaining condoms at events for both genders, with instructions for use. | Environmental restructuring | |
Social opportunity | B13 | Offer models that do not depict sexuality as a taboo | Modeling |
B14 | Create dialogue spaces for sexuality in the family | Enablement | |
B32 | Training in the fact that information from the media is loaded with prejudice and misinformation. | Education | |
F7 | Generate systems to request STI screening without prejudice, offense, or taboos, both for oneself and for one’s partner. | Enablement | |
F8 | Create a counseling service pre- and post-HIV-test. | Enablement | |
F11 | Increase women’s empowerment to talk about the use of condoms | Persuasion | |
F22 | Enable speaking about sexual rights and reproductive health in campaigns. | Education | |
F24 | Campaigns that acknowledge the mismatch between sexual practices and sexual orientation | Persuasion | |
F25 | Campaigns that break away from the heteronormative logics of sex. | Persuasion | |
F28 | Campaigns that address social responsibility. | Persuasion | |
F29 | That campaigns have a design that promotes adherence (for example, gamification elements) | Persuasion | |
F34 | Campaigns that offer models to identify with. | Modeling | |
Physical opportunity | B17 | Improve conditions for preventive screening at the University | Environmental restructuring |
B18 | Reduce barriers in health care centers for obtaining condoms. | Environmental restructuring | |
B22 | Improve access to condom dispensers (type of coin accepted) | Environmental restructuring | |
B23 | Improve access to condom dispensers (location) | Environmental restructuring | |
B36 | Eliminate the taboo of teaching how to use male or female condoms. | Training | |
F3 | Create smartphone apps to access reliable information | Enablement | |
F12 | Show how to use penis or vaginal condoms. | Training | |
F13 | Use computer graphics next to dispensers to show the correct way to use condoms | Training | |
F20 | Show flexibility of condoms in campaigns. | Modeling | |
F30 | Make spaces for accessing information people-friendly. | Environmental restructuring | |
Reflexive motivation | B4 | Train professionals so they do not spread “stigmas” and prejudice. | Persuasion |
B5 | Include “forgotten” STIs in trainings. | Education | |
B10 | Promote a culture of medical care in sexuality | Incentivization | |
B20 | Train professionals so they don’t show prejudice when conducting medical screenings. | Persuasion | |
B27 | Create awareness that campaigns are too centered on fear of HIV. | Persuasion | |
B28 | Avoid teaching the risks of HIV by “risk groups” | Education | |
B29 | Eliminate prejudice from campaigns to avoid misinformation | Persuasion | |
B30 | Neutralize taboos about how to use condoms among professionals | Persuasion | |
B33 | Promote campaigns that are not only centered on the consequences of the disease. | Education | |
B34 | Promote campaigns not only aimed at heterosexual audiences | Education | |
B35 | Eliminate campaigns focused on sexual abstinence or exclusive partners | Education | |
B37 | Intervene to eliminate the prejudice of young people about the quality of condoms offered by the public health system. | Persuasion | |
F1 | Implementing sexual health campaigns at all levels. | Education | |
F2 | Indicate appointments with a midwife as the best informative opportunity. | Persuasion | |
F5 | Organize STI prevention activities for all groups and age brackets. | Education | |
F15 | Increase the affective responsibility for sex among young people. | Education | |
F17 | Offer campaigns with a comprehensive view of sexuality beyond penetration: emotional and responsible. | Education | |
F18 | Highlight the role of pleasure in sexuality as a fundamental part of people’s lives. | Education | |
F19 | Make campaigns simple, informative and free of prejudice. | Education | |
F32 | Center campaigns not only on HIV (also addressing other STIs) | Education | |
Automatic motivation | B11 | Break away from the association of condom and contraception | Persuasion |