Table 2 Associations between healthy lifestyle index score change and lifestyle-related, alcohol-related, tobacco-related, obesity-related, reproductive-related, breast, and colorectal cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (n = 66,233), imputed analysis

Cases

6354

3512

2931

4788

3385

2384

839

Continuous HLI score change

1-SD (2.6 HLI points) increase

0.93(0.90–0.96)

0.96(0.91–0.99)

0.92(0.88–0.96)

0.94(0.91–0.98)

0.90(0.84–0.98)

0.96(0.91–1.01)

0.98(0.90–1.07)

Categorical HLI score change

 <  = -3

1.16(1.05–1.27)

1.06(0.94–1.20)

1.27(1.10–1.45)

1.10(0.99–1.22)

1.21(0.96–1.54)

1.01(0.86–1.18)

1.23(0.94–1.61)

-2

1.10(0.99–1.23)

1.10(0.96–1.26)

1.13(0.97–1.31)

1.09(0.97–1.22)

1.14(0.88–1.48)

1.09(0.92–1.29)

1.07(0.78–1.44)

-1

1.03(0.93–1.13)

1.02(0.90–1.15)

1.08(0.94–1.25)

1.00(0.90–1.11)

1.04(0.81–1.33)

0.99(0.85–1.16)

1.10(0.84–1.45)

0

1

0.99(0.89–1.09)

0.97(0.85–1.10)

1.06(0.92–1.23)

0.97(0.87–1.08)

0.93(0.72–1.20)

0.93(0.79–1.05)

1.09(0.82–1.44)

2

0.96(0.86–1.07)

0.98(0.85–1.12)

1.02(0.87–1.18)

0.96(0.86–1.08)

0.88(0.66–1.17)

0.95(0.80–1.13)

1.10(0.81–1.49)

 >  = 3

0.93(0.84–1.03)

0.92–0.81–1.05)

0.98(0.85–1.14)

0.92(0.82–1.03)

1.00(0.78–1.29)

0.89(0.75–1.05)

1.13(0.85–1.50)

HLI score change excluding one factor^b

1-SD increase

Excluding physical activity

2.0

0.95(0.93–0.98)

0.97(0.93–1.00)

0.94(0.91–0.98)

0.96(0.93–0.99)

0.95(0.88–1.02)

0.97(0.93–1.02)

0.98(0.90–1.06)

Excluding BMI

2.4

0.92(0.89–0.95)

0.95(0.91–0.99)

0.87(0.83–0.91)

0.96(0.93–0.99)

0.98(0.90–1.06)

0.96(0.91–1.01)

0.97(0.88–1.06)

Excluding smoking

2.5

0.95(0.92–0.98)

0.96(0.92–1.00)

0.98(0.94–1.03)

0.94(0.91–0.97)

0.87(0.81–0.94)

0.95(0.91–1.00)

1.00(0.92–1.09)

Excluding alcohol

2.5

0.93(0.90–0.96)

0.97(0.93–1.01)

0.92(0.88–0.96)

0.95(0.92–0.98)

0.89(0.82–0.96)

0.97(0.93–1.02)

0.99(0.91–1.08)

Excluding diet

2.0

0.93(0.90–0.96)

0.96(0.92–1.00)

0.93(0.89–0.97)

0.94(0.91–0.98)

0.90(0.84–0.97)

0.95(0.91–1.00)

0.98(0.90–1.07)

Single HLI factors^c

1-unit increase (score 0–4)

Physical activity score change

0.96(0.94–0.98)

0.98(0.95–1.01)

0.97(0.93–1.00)

0.98(0.95–1.00)

0.94(0.89–0.99)

0.97(0.94–1.01)

1.01(0.95–1.08)

BMI score change

0.98(0.95–1.02)

0.99(0.95–1.03)

1.04(0.99–1.09)

0.96(0.92–0.99)

0.86(0.79–0.94)

0.97(0.92–1.03)

1.03(0.93–1.13)

Smoking score change

0.98(0.93–1.03)

1.02(0.95–1.09)

0.94(0.88–1.00)

1.02(0.96–1.07)

1.08(0.95–1.24)

1.02(0.94–1.11)

0.97(0.84–1.12)

Alcohol score change

0.98(0.95–1.02)

0.94(0.89–0.99)

1.00(0.94–1.06)

0.97(0.93–1.02)

1.06(0.96–1.18)

0.94(0.88–1.00)

0.97(0.86–1.08)

Diet score change

0.99(0.97–1.01)

0.99(0.97–1.02)

0.99(0.97–1.02)

1.00(0.98–1.02)

1.00(0.95–1.05)

1.00(0.96–1.03)

1.00(0.95–1.06)