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Table 2 Statistical description of FAD scores and the degree of nicotine dependence of the participants (\( \overline{x}\)±s, points)

From: Family functioning and nicotine dependence among smoking fathers: a cross-sectional study

Continuous Variables

Overall

(N = 874)

Mild nicotine dependence

Mild nicotine dependence

Severe nicotine dependence

H

Total FAD score

125.35 ± 20.13

124.78 ± 21 0.43

133.06 ± 20.12

134.71 ± 17.61

25.87**

PS

13.28 ± 4.39

13.07 ± 4.61

13.19 ± 3.79

13.45 ± 3.89

2.12

CM

19.24 ± 3.93

19.11 ± 4.06

20.03 ± 2.95

20.41 ± 3.45

10.60*

RL

22.71 ± 4.12

22.71 ± 4.57

24.60 ± 4.10

24.41 ± 4.01

27.36**

AR

12.77 ± 2.47

12.74 ± 2.57

13.48 ± 2.32

13.77 ± 2.55

15.90**

AI

14.02 ± 3.84

14.09 ± 4.37

15.62 ± 4.26

15.40 ± 3.91

22.75**

BC

19.20 ± 3.04

19.12 ± 3.25

20.50 ± 22.93

20.79 ± 2.89

42.50**

GF

24.14 ± 5.32

23.94 ± 5.52

25.65 ± 4.41

26.49 ± 4.75

19.53**

  1. **P < 0.001,*P < 0.05