Table 1 Statistical description of demographic characteristics and smoking-related characteristics and degree of nicotine dependence [Number (%)]
From: Family functioning and nicotine dependence among smoking fathers: a cross-sectional study
Grouping variables | Overall (N = 874) | Mild nicotine dependence | Mild nicotine dependence | Severe nicotine dependence | χ 2 /H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 39.85 ± 5.78 | 39.90 ± 5.58 | 39.37 ± 6.14 | 39.94 ± 6.88 | 1.28 |
Smoking duration | 12.06 ± 8.90 | 10.75 ± 8.60 | 15.68 ± 8.67 | 18.06 ± 7.95 | 66.61** |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | 21.00** |
 High school and below | 348(39.82%) | 246(70.69%) | 54(15.52%) | 48(13.79%) |  |
 College and above | 526(60.18%) | 440(83.65%) | 48(9.13%) | 38(7.22%) |  |
Chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â | 10.22* |
 No disease | 777(88.90%) | 620(79.79%) | 89(11.45%) | 68(8.75%) |  |
 Illness | 97(11.10%) | 66(68.04%) | 13(13.40%) | 18(18.56%) |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â | 34.42** |
 No drinking | 295(28.03%) | 247(83.73%) | 26(8.81%) | 22(7.46%) |  |
 Drinking less than 1 time per month | 119(13.62%) | 98(82.35%) | 11(9.24%) | 10(8.40%) |  |
 Drinking 1–3 days a month | 245(28.03%) | 197(80.41%) | 29(11.84%) | 19 (7.76%) |  |
 Drinking 1–3 days per week | 143(16.36%) | 103(72.03%) | 23(16.08%) | 17(11.89%) |  |
 Drinking 4–7 days per week | 72(8.24%) | 41(56.94%) | 13(18.06%) | 18(25.00%) |  |
Job | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.26 |
 White-collar | 659(75.40%) | 521(79.06%) | 73(11.08%) | 65(9.86%) |  |
 Blue-collar | 178(20.37%) | 138(77.53%) | 22(12.36%) | 18(10.11%) |  |
 Other | 37(4.23%) | 27(72.97%) | 7(18.92%) | 3(8.11%) |  |
Age of first smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 53.61** |
 < 18 | 158(18.08%) | 92(58.23%) | 29(18.35%) | 37(23.42%) |  |
 ≥ 18 | 716(81.92%) | 594(82.96%) | 73(10.20%) | 49(6.84%) |  |
Quit attempts | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20.64** |
 Less than twice | 757(86.61%) | 612(80.95%) | 82(10.85%) | 63(8.20%) |  |
 Twice of more | 117(13.39%) | 74(63.25%) | 20(17.09%) | 23(19.66%) |  |