Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants across tertiles of SD for fasting plasma glucose in TLGS, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2002–2018)
Characteristics | With diabetes ( n  = 528) | T1 ( n  = 176) | T2 ( n  = 176) | T3 ( n  = 176) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 52.51 ± 10.64 | 52.37 ± 11.62 | 53.99 ± 9.84 | 51.18 ± 10.26 | 0.044 |
Sex (women) | 326 (61.74) | 112 (63.64) | 97 (55.11) | 117 (66.48) | 0.074 |
Marital status (married) | 457 (86.55) | 144 (81.82) | 156 (88.64) | 157 (89.20) | 0.078 |
Education (high school and more) | 124 (23.48) | 42 (23.86) | 42 (23.86) | 40 (22.73) | 0.959 |
Antihypertensive drug | 124 (23.48) | 48 (27.27) | 37 (21.02) | 39 (22.16) | 0.338 |
Lipid-lowering drug | 81 (15.34) | 18 (10.23) | 25 (14.20) | 38 (21.59) | 0.011 |
Current smoking | 109 (20.64) | 34 (19.32) | 43 (24.43) | 32 (18.18) | 0.304 |
Moderate-high physical activity | 315 (59.66) | 103 (58.52) | 101 (57.39) | 111 (63.07) | 0.516 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.43 ± 4.75 | 29.61 ± 4.89 | 29.02 ± 4.30 | 29.65 ± 5.04 | 0.386 |
WC (cm) | 98.87 ± 10.85 | 99.09 ± 11.22 | 98.67 ± 9.34 | 98.84 ± 11.39 | 0.937 |
SBP (mmHg) | 127.91 ± 20.12 | 126.87 ± 19.61 | 129.55 ± 19.78 | 127.31 ± 20.96 | 0.408 |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.35 ± 10.19 | 78.35 ± 10.19 | 79.87 ± 11.02 | 78.77 ± 10.50 | 0.380 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88.67 ± 15.11 | 89.01 ± 16.06 | 87.82 ± 14.63 | 89.17 ± 14.63 | 0.659 |
FPG (mg/dl) | 156.45 ± 53.00 | 132.38 ± 36.75 | 154.43 ± 40.29 | 182.55 ± 64.92 |  < 0.001 |
FPG at phase 3 (mg/dl) | 130.66 ± 54.9 | 130.66 ± 37.70 | 150.39 ± 38.41 | 188.64 ± 68.55 |  < 0.001 |
FPG at phase 4 (mg/dl) | 166.2 ± 60.6 | 135.39 ± 36.81 | 163.13 ± 42.28 | 198.53 ± 76.18 |  < 0.001 |
Anti-diabetic drug at baseline | 231 (43.75) | 60 (34.09) | 75 (42.61) | 96 (54.55) | 0.001 |
|  | Without diabetes (n = 3,894) | T1 (n = 1,331) | T2 (n = 1,331) | T3 (n = 1,331) | P value |
Age (year) | 40.49 ± 13.09 | 40.18 ± 13.04 | 40.28 ± 13.02 | 41.02 ± 13.21 | 0.201 |
Sex (women) | 2,288 (58.76) | 808 (60.71) | 740 (58.13) | 740 (57.36) | 0.190 |
Marital status (married) | 3,144 (80.74) | 1,056 (79.34) | 1,027 (80.68) | 1,061 (82.25) | 0.168 |
Education (high school and more) | 1,318 (33.85) | 436 (32.76) | 466 (36.61) | 416 (32.25) | 0.039 |
Antihypertensive drug | 220 (5.65) | 79 (5.94) | 66 (5.18) | 75 (5.81) | 0.675 |
Lipid-lowering drug | 113 (2.90) | 40 (3.01) | 26 (2.04) | 47 (3.64) | 0.052 |
Current smoking | 812 (20.85) | 267 (20.06) | 258 (20.27) | 787 (61.01) | 0.318 |
Moderate-high physical activity | 2458 (63.12) | 858 (64.46) | 813 (63.86) | 503 (38.99) | 0.149 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.82 ± 4.44 | 26.64 ± 4.44 | 26.76 ± 4.39 | 27.08 ± 4.49 | 0.033 |
WC (cm) | 89.22 ± 11.70 | 88.34 ± 11.72 | 89.19 ± 11.40 | 90.15 ± 11.91 |  < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 113.15 ± 16.00 | 112.36 ± 15.48 | 113.34 ± 16.16 | 113.79 ± 16.34 | 0.066 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.54 ± 10.07 | 73.11 ± 9.87 | 73.55 ± 10.25 | 73.98 ± 10.08 | 0.085 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 96.59 ± 16.57 | 96.77 ± 16.51 | 96.64 ± 16.22 | 96.37 ± 16.98 | 0.818 |
FPG (mg/dl) | 88.44 ± 8.04 | 88.33 ± 6.75 | 88.63 ± 7.71 | 88.37 ± 9.47 | 0.579 |
FPG at phase 3 (mg/dl) | 87.66 ± 7.74 | 88.11 ± 6.64 | 87.45 ± 7.48 | 87.41 ± 8.93 | 0.033 |
FPG at phase 4 (mg/dl) | 93,20 ± 8.10 | 89.66 ± 6.51 | 92.53 ± 6.86 | 97.50 ± 8.73 |  < 0.001 |