Table 2 Association of empowerment indicators with physical and sexual violence among young men and women, (n = 578)
Variables | Physical violence | Sexual violence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
% | p-value | % | p-value | % | p-value | % | p-value | |
Empowerment indicators | ||||||||
Physical mobility | 0.059 | 0.217 | 0.278 | 0.012 | ||||
No | 18.2 | 21.3 | 18.2 | 21.3 | ||||
Yes | 4.9 | 15.7 | 8.6 | 33.9 | ||||
Decision making power | 0.851 | 0.412 | 0.312 | 0.774 | ||||
No | 4.9 | 21 | 4.9 | 25.3 | ||||
Yes | 5.6 | 17.4 | 9.8 | 26.7 | ||||
Economic resource | 0.052 | 0.071 | 0.022 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 3.8 | 21.3 | 6.5 | 18.9 | ||||
Yes | 10.0 | 11.6 | 15.7 | 52.2 | ||||
Respondent characteristics | ||||||||
Age of the respondent in years | 0.05 | 0.382 | 0.1 | 0.271 | -0.04 | 0.502 | -0.07 | 0.189 |
Educational status of respondent | 0.181 | 0.015 | 0.456 | 0.405 | ||||
Not educated/Primary completed | 1.9 | 20.6 | 3.7 | 31.5 | ||||
Secondary completed | 9.3 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 23.7 | ||||
Senior secondary completed | 8.3 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 33.3 | ||||
Graduate and above | 3.3 | 25.7 | 11.1 | 22.9 | ||||
Working status of the respondent | 0.385 | 0.771 | 0.799 | 0.031 | ||||
Yes | 6.2 | 17.5 | 8.8 | 40.0 | ||||
No | 3.3 | 19.4 | 9.8 | 24.0 | ||||
Alcohol consumption by respondent | 0.007 | 0.375 | 0.009 | 0.176 | ||||
Yes | 21.4 | 33.3 | 28.6 | 50.0 | ||||
No | 4.6 | 18.9 | 7.9 | 25.6 | ||||
Ever had children | 0.291 | 0.879 | 0.188 | 0.163 | ||||
Yes | 4.2 | 19.5 | 6.9 | 23.2 | ||||
No | 7.2 | 18.8 | 11.7 | 30.1 | ||||
Spousal characteristics | ||||||||
Spousal age gap in years | -0.003 | 0.958 | 0.002 | 0.607 | 0.070 | 0.291 | -0.001 | 0.993 |
Spouse controlling behavior | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 2.9 | 10.0 | 2.9 | 17.4 | ||||
Yes | 17.4 | 32.3 | 37.0 | 38.4 | ||||
Educational status of spouse | 0.064 | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.587 | ||||
Not educated/Primary completed | 2.1 | 26.0 | 5.6 | 28.2 | ||||
Secondary completed | 9.7 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 25.6 | ||||
Senior secondary completed | 10.3 | 13.8 | 20.7 | 24.1 | ||||
Graduate and above | 9.1 | 5.7 | 18.2 | 17.1 | ||||
Working status of Spouse | 0.052 | 0.003 | 0.757 | 0.589 | ||||
Yes | 3.5 | 27.7 | 9.4 | 27.7 | ||||
No | 9.4 | 14.2 | 8.2 | 25.0 | ||||
Alcohol consumption by Spouse | 0.033 | 0.012 | 0.139 | 0.220 | ||||
Yes | 33.3 | 34.2 | 33.3 | 34.2 | ||||
No | 5.2 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 24.9 | ||||
Household characteristics | ||||||||
Religion | 0.039 | < 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.935 | ||||
Hinduism | 7.5 | 12.7 | 12.1 | 25.9 | ||||
Others | 1.2 | 34.7 | 2.4 | 26.3 | ||||
Caste | 0.001 | 0.028 | < 0.001 | 0.999 | ||||
Non-SC/ST | 2.3 | 22.4 | 4.5 | 26.0 | ||||
SC/ST | 12.8 | 12.0 | 19.2 | 26.0 | ||||
Income (INR) | 0.30 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.321 | 0.20 | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.220 |
Below poverty line status | 0.603 | 0.018 | 0.257 | 0.541 | ||||
No | 6.0 | 16.4 | 10.3 | 25.2 | ||||
Yes | 4.3 | 28.8 | 5.7 | 28.8 | ||||
Family structure | 0.042 | < 0.001 | 0.248 | 0.449 | ||||
Nuclear | 8.7 | 29.0 | 11.3 | 28.2 | ||||
Joint or extended | 2.9 | 12.5 | 7.1 | 24.5 | ||||
Districts | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.302 | ||||
Bahraich | 1.1 | 27.6 | 4.4 | 24.0 | ||||
Jaipur | 16.2 | 6.3 | 20.3 | 29.1 | ||||