Table 2 Regression analysis I: prefectural level

Demographics

% of those aged 65 or older

0.340 **

(0.145)

0.051

(0.233)

0.123

(0.184)

0.061

(0.233)

0.015

(0.237)

0.065

(0.190)

0.022

(0.238)

% of those aged 9 or younger

-0.349

(0.584)

-0.303

(0.590)

-0.568

(0.614)

-0.513

(0.633)

-0.685

(0.615)

-0.912

(0.630)

-0.858

(0.660)

Governing Parties’ Representation

Share in National Diet

0.029**

(0.014)

0.031**

(0.013)

0.030**

(0.014)

Share in Prefectural Assembly

0.050

(0.031)

0.052*

(0.030)

0.049

(0.032)

COVID-19 Rates (per 10,000)

Infection Rate

-0.014

(0.01)

-0.006

(0.013)

-0.011

(0.011)

-0.004

(0.014)

Death Rate

-1.034

(0.618)

-0.785

(0.846)

-0.823

(0.659)

-0.653

(0.868)

# of doctors (per 100,000)

0.003

(0.009)

0.003

(0.009)

0.004

(0.009)

0.005

(0.009)

0.005

(0.009)

0.006

(0.009)

Constant

54.684***

(8.012)

61.150***

(9.932)

60.601***

(9.174)

62.259***

(10.021)

63.442***

(10.019)

63.293***

(9.281)

64.487***

(10.167)

Observations

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

Adjusted R²

0.184

0.269

0.281

0.266

0.235

0.244

0.227

Residual Std Error

2.383

(df = 44)

2.256

(df = 41)

2.238

(df = 41)

2.260

(df = 40)

2.308

(df = 41)

2.294

(df = 41)

2.32

(df = 40)

F Static

6.185***

(df = 2; 44)

4.379***

(df = 5; 41)

4.590***

(df = 5; 41)

3.781***

(df = 6; 40)

3.825***

(df = 5; 41)

3.967***

(df = 5; 41)

3.248**

(df = 6; 40)