Table 1 Participants’ characteristics
All participants (n = 4022) | Stroke group (n = 201) | Normal group (n = 3821) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 55.0 (43.0, 65.0) | 63.0 (55.0, 70.0) | 55.0 (42.0, 64.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender (Male, %) | 48.3 | 50.20 | 48.20 | 0.612 |
Race (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 32.0 | 34.8 | 31.9 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 24.3 | 37.8 | 23.6 | |
Mexican American | 13.5 | 8.0 | 13.7 | |
Other Hispanic | 9.9 | 4.5 | 10.2 | |
Other races | 20.3 | 14.9 | 20.6 | |
Education attainment (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Below high school | 20.6 | 25.4 | 20.4 | |
High School | 22.8 | 31.3 | 22.3 | |
Above high school | 56.6 | 43.3 | 57.3 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.0 (25.4, 34.0) | 30.3 (25.6, 35.1) | 28.9 (25.4, 33.9) | 0.253 |
Diabetes (Yes, %) | 26.1 | 45.3 | 25.0 | < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 95.0 (88.0, 105.0) | 97.0 (89.0, 118.0) | 95.0 (88.0, 105.0) | 0.029 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.1) | 5.9 (5.5, 6.6) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.1) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension (Yes, %) | 42.3 | 76.6 | 40.5 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.0 (88.0, 178.0) | 129.5 (91.2, 178.8) | 123.0 (88.0, 178.0) | 0.268 |
Total-to-HDL cholesterol | 3.7 (2.9, 4.5) | 3.5 (2.7, 4.3) | 3.7 (3.0, 4.6) | 0.010 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 104.6 (81.2, 133.4) | 80.4 (60.5, 105.5) | 105.6 (82.4, 134.6) | < 0.001 |
Cigarette use (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Nonsmokers | 74.9 | 63.7 | 75.5 | |
Sole e-cigarette use | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | |
Sole combustible cigarette use | 9.5 | 16.9 | 9.2 | |
Dual use | 9.8 | 13.4 | 9.6 | |
Alcohol consumption (Yes, %) | 83.8 | 83.6 | 83.8 | 1.000 |