Table 1 The basic characteristics of the participants

Sex

 < 0.001

 Male

7,415 (93.06)

4,220 (89.79)

3,195 (97.77)

 Female

553 (6.94)

480 (10.21)

73 (2.23)

Age (years)

39.60 ± 10.96

37.79 ± 11.00

42.21 ± 10.37

< 0.001

Ethnicity

0.494

 Han

7,518 (94.35)

4,442 (94.51)

3,076 (94.12)

 Minority

450 (5.65)

258 (5.49)

192 (5.88)

Educational level

< 0.001

 High school or below

3,095 (38.84)

1,557 (33.13)

1,538 (47.06)

 Undergraduate or above

4,873 (61.16)

3,143 (66.87)

1,730 (52.94)

Marital status

< 0.001

 Married/cohabitation

5,667 (71.12)

3,111 (66.19)

2,556 (78.21)

 Unmarried

1,904 (23.90)

1,368 (29.11)

536 (16.40)

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

397 (4.98)

221 (4.70)

176 (5.39)

Monthly household income (yuan)

0.001

 < 6,000

2,347 (29.46)

1,454 (30.94)

893 (27.33)

 ≥ 6,000

5,621 (70.54)

3,246 (69.06)

2,375 (72.67)

Work type

0.303

 Work outdoor

2,147 (26.95)

1,287 (27.38)

860 (26.32)

 Work indoor

5,821 (73.05)

3,413 (72.62)

2,408 (73.68)

Living status

< 0.001

 Living with family members

5,189 (65.12)

2,893 (61.55)

2,296 (70.26)

 Living with colleagues or friends

1,177 (14.77)

799 (17.00)

378 (11.57)

 Living with strangers

216 (2.71)

133 (2.83)

83 (2.54)

 Living alone

1,386 (17.39)

875 (18.62)

511 (15.64)

BMI (kg/m²)

24.41 ± 3.52

22.73 ± 2.74

26.83 ± 3.08

 < 0.001

Drinking

 < 0.001

 Non-drinker

2,901 (36.41)

1,842 (39.19)

1,059 (32.41)

 Ex-drinker

359 (4.51)

198 (4.21)

161 (4.93)

 Occasional drinker

3,225 (40.47)

1,922 (40.89)

1,303 (39.87)

 Current drinker

1,483 (18.61)

738 (15.70)

745 (22.80)

Smoking

< 0.001

 Non-smoker

3,037 (38.11)

2,022 (43.02)

1,015 (31.06)

 Ex-smoker

583 (7.32)

292 (6.21)

291 (8.90)

 Occasional smoker

890 (11.17)

539 (11.47)

351 (10.74)

 Current smoker

3,458 (43.40)

1,847 (39.30)

1,611 (49.30)

Dietary pattern

0.824

 Ideal dietary pattern

2,855 (35.83)

1,697 (36.11)

1,158 (35.43)

 Medium dietary pattern

4,766 (59.81)

2,800 (59.57)

1,966 (60.16)

 Poor dietary pattern

347 (4.35)

203 (4.32)

144 (4.41)

Physical activity (MET-min/w)

0.594

 < 600

2,552 (32.03)

1,521 (32.36)

1,031 (31.55)

 600–2999

2,734 (34.31)

1,617 (34.40)

1,117 (34.18)

 ≥ 3,000

2,682 (33.66)

1,562 (33.23)

1,120 (34.27)

Sleep quality

0.385

 Good

4,146 (52.03)

2,426 (51.62)

1,720 (52.63)

 Poor

3,822 (47.97)

2,274 (48.38)

1,548 (47.37)

Stress perception

16.33 ± 3.81

16.29 ± 3.85

16.38 ± 3.77

0.282

TBIL (μmold/L)

16.39 ± 6.16

16.69 ± 6.26

15.95 ± 6.00

< 0.001

DBIL (μmold/L)

5.33 ± 2.30

5.49 ± 2.35

5.09 ± 2.21

< 0.001

IBIL (μmold/L)

11.06 ± 4.18

11.20 ± 4.21

10.86 ± 4.13

< 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

23.53 ± 12.12

21.32 ± 9.85

26.71 ± 14.19

< 0.001

AST (IU/L)

29.94 ± 24.19

22.80 ± 17.23

40.19 ± 28.65

< 0.001

TP (g/L)

75.38 ± 4.41

75.07 ± 3.98

75.83 ± 4.94

< 0.001

ALB (g/L)

45.22 ± 2.36

45.24 ± 2.37

45.20 ± 2.34

0.463

GLB (g/L)

30.16 ± 3.79

29.83 ± 3.32

30.63 ± 4.33

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.45 ± 1.32

5.17 ± 0.88

5.84 ± 1.69

< 0.001

UA (μmold/L)

396.31 ± 87.68

376.00 ± 81.56

425.51 ± 87.94

< 0.001

UREA (mmol/L)

4.87 ± 1.20

4.84 ± 1.20

4.91 ± 1.20

0.009

CREA (mmol/L)

71.73 ± 12.19

71.19 ± 11.96

72.51 ± 12.46

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

2.05 ± 1.87

1.53 ± 1.22

2.79 ± 2.34

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.69 ± 0.90

4.52 ± 0.85

4.92 ± 0.93

< 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.37 ± 0.31

1.45 ± 0.31

1.25 ± 0.27

< 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.71 ± 0.68

2.56 ± 0.65

2.94 ± 0.66

< 0.001

TyG

8.86 ± 0.68

8.58 ± 0.55

9.25 ± 0.66

< 0.001

ALT/AST

0.97 ± 0.46

1.10 ± 0.49

0.77 ± 0.30

< 0.001

LDL-C/HDL-C

2.10 ± 0.88

1.85 ± 0.64

2.46 ± 1.04

< 0.001

TG/HDL-C

1.84 ± 4.49

1.21 ± 1.86

2.74 ± 6.54

< 0.001

TC/HDL-C

3.60 ± 1.45

3.24 ± 0.92

4.12 ± 1.85

< 0.001

TyG-BMI

217.15 ± 41.04

195.58 ± 30.00

248.17 ± 34.38

< 0.001

SII

425.32 ± 212.24

418.20 ± 216.15

435.57 ± 206.09

< 0.001