Table 2 Factors predicting depression among senior citizens in Greater Kumasi of the Ashanti Region

Age group

60–70

260 (62.2)

152(58.5)

108(41.5)

1

71–80

101 (24.2)

62(61.4)

39(38.6)

0.82 [0.50–1.32]

0.42

-

Above 81

57 (13.6)

28(49.1)

29(50.9)

1.40 [0.78–2.49]

0.24

-

Sex

Male

134 (32.1)

89(66.4)

45(33.6)

Female

284(67.9)

153(53.9)

131(46.1)

Marital status

¥ Married

189(45.2)

127(67.2)

62(32.8)

1

# Single

229(54.8)

115(50.2)

114(49.8)

1.91 [1.28–2.86]

0.002

1.66 [1.08–2.53]

0.018

Educational status

Educated

192(45.9)

117(60.9)

75(39.1)

1

No education

226(54.1)

125(55.3)

101(44.7)

0.77[0.52–1.14]

0.20

0.68 [0.36–1.30]

0.25

Religion

Christianity

167(39.9)

96(57.5)

71(42.5)

1

Muslim

243(58.1)

142(58.4)

101(41.6)

1.35[0.32–5.61]

0.67

-

Traditional religion

8 (1.9)

4(50.0)

4(50.0)

0.99[0.66–1.48]

0.98

-

Current Employment status

Employed

117(27.9)

72(61.5)

45(38.5)

1

Not employed

301(72.1)

170(56.5)

131(43.5)

0.81[0.52–1.26]

0.37

-

Wealth Tercile

Lower class

149(36.1)

72(48.3)

77(51.7)

2.15 [1.32–3.51]

0.002

1.97[1.18–3.27]

0.009

Middle class

135(32.7)

77(57.0)

58(43.0)

1.44 [0.87–2.38]

0.15

1.37[0.82–2.30]

0.22

High class

129(31.2)

89(69.0)

40 (31.0)

1

-

Ever Smoke

No

362(86.6)

205(56.6)

157(43.4)

1

Yes

56(13.4)

37(66.1)

19(33.9)

0.61 [0.33–1.12]

0.11

-

Consume Alcohol

No

358(85.7)

208(58.1)

150(41.9)

1

Yes

60(14.4)

34(56.7)

26(43.3)

1.47[0.48–4.46]

0.49

-

Hypertension

No

201(48.1)

127(63.2)

74(36.8)

1

Yes

217(51.9)

115(53.0)

102(47.0)

1.52 [1.02–2.27]

0.03

1.45[0.96–2.20]

0.04

Diabetes

No

353(84.5)

207(58.6)

146(41.4)

Yes

65(15.5)

35(53.8)

30(46.2)

1.18 [0.69–2.03]

0.04

1.18[0.64–2.18]

0.58

Ever suffer stroke

No

401(95.9)

232 (57.9)

169(42.1)

Yes

17(4.1)

10(58.8)

7 (41.2)

Other Chronic condition

No

360(86.1)

217(60.3)

143(39.7)

1

Yes

58(13.9)

25(43.1)

33(56.9)

1.91 [1.07–3.39]

0.02

1.86[1.59–4.62]

0.04

Taking of medication for chronic conditions

No

58(22.8)

27(46.6)

31(53.4)

1

Yes

197(77.2)

110(55.8)

87(44.2)

0.65 [0.35–1.19]

0.17

-

Caretaker available

No

306(73.2)

173(56.5)

133(43.4)

1

Yes

112(26.8)

69(61.6)

43(38.4)

0.80 [0.51–1.26]

0.34

-

Number of Hours spent with caretaker

1–6 h

17(15.2)

11(64.7)

6 (35.3)

1

7–12 h

30(26.8)

22(73.3)

8 (26.7)

0.69 [0.19–2.52]

0.58

-

13 + hours

65(58.0)

36(55.4)

29(44.6)

1.47 [0.48–4.47]

0.49

-

Ability to manage traveling and transportation by self

No

67(16.0)

29(43.3)

38(56.7)

1

Yes

351(84.0)

213 (60.7)

138(39.3)

0.51 [0.30–0.88]

0.01

0.56[0.32–0.97]

0.041

Ability to manage finance by self

No

23(5.5)

7(30.4)

16(69.6)

1

Yes

395(95.5)

235(59.5)

160(40.5)

0.30 [0.12–0.75]

0.01

0.33[0.11–0.97]

0.04