Table 5 Differences in selected physical characteristics of participants according to type of health assessment i.e. clinic-based versus home-based

Anthropometric and body composition

Height (cm)

Weight (kg)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

Body fat (%)

Waist circumference (cm)

Hip circumference (cm)

Waist:hip ratio

165.8 (9.2)

79.7 (16.6)

28.9 (5.1)

44.0 (6.4)

95.6 (14.0)

104.6 (9.6))

0.91 (0.09)

161.8 (9.3)

78.8 (18.1)

30.1 (6.6)

47.9 (7.8)

100.0 (15.6)

107.1 (13.0)

0.93 (0.09)

< 0.001

0.46

< 0.01

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.02

< 0.01

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

DBP (mmHg)

SBP, postural (mmHg)

DBP, postural (mmHg)

132.5 (18.7)

81.4 (10.9)

131.4 (20.2)

80.4 (12.4)

137.2 (20.9)

78.1 (11.8)

134.6 (23.0)

84.0 (11.1)

< 0.01

< 0.001

0.08

< 0.001

Lipid and diabetes profile

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

HbA1c (%)

5.1 (1.2)

1.5 (0.4)

1.5 (1.1, 2.1)

5.8 (0.9)

4.6 (1.3)

1.3 (0.4)

1.5 (1.1, 2.2)

6.1 (1.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.05

< 0.001

Cognition:

MMSE (score)

MOCA (score)

Animal recall (number)

Colour trails 2 (time in secs)

28.5 (1.7)

25.5 (3.1)

19.2 (5.5)

116.5 (39.4)

26.8 (2.7)

22.2 (4.2)

15.3 (5.2)

165.0 (60.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Mobility and strength:

Step test

Timed Up and Go (seconds)

Grip Strength (kg)

16.6 (4.2)

10.0 (2.7)

31.5 (11.8)

13.0 (4.1)

13.1 (4.8)

25.0 (10.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Mental Health

CES-D (score)

WEMWBS (score)

5 (2, 11)

55 (49, 61)

8 (3, 16)

52 (43, 59)

< 0.001

< 0.001