Table 4 Regression results of WeChat usage, social participation and depression levels
Variable | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WeChat usage | −0.873*** | −0.787*** | −0.716*** | −0.692*** |
(0.170) | (0.153) | (0.155) | (0.157) | |
Social participation (Yes) |  |  | −0.418** |  |
| Â | Â | (0.158) | Â | |
Levels of Social participation |  |  |  | −0.172** |
| Â | Â | Â | (0.063) | |
Age | −0.036** | − 0.071*** | − 0.072*** | − 0.072*** |
(0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
Gender (Male) | −1.520*** | −1.175*** | −1.208*** | −1.217*** |
(0.173) | (0.237) | (0.237) | (0.238) | |
Marital status (Married) | −1.898*** | − 1.220*** | − 1.221*** | − 1.212*** |
(0.332) | (0.299) | (0.299) | (0.299) | |
Residence (Urban) | −0.775*** | −0.689*** | − 0.695*** | − 0.682*** |
(0.178) | (0.168) | (0.168) | (0.168) | |
Education | ||||
 Elementary school | −0.240 | − 0.165 | − 0.125 | − 0.116 |
(0.573) | (0.513) | (0.513) | (0.513) | |
 Middle school | −1.495** | −1.029* | −0.962 | −0.950 |
(0.571) | (0.513) | (0.513) | (0.513) | |
 High school | −2.270*** | −1.701** | −1.621** | − 1.596** |
(0.584) | (0.525) | (0.525) | (0.526) | |
 College or above | −2.499*** | −1.820** | −1.712** | − 1.646** |
(0.683) | (0.614) | (0.615) | (0.617) | |
Self-reported health | ||||
 Poor |  | −2.662*** | − 2.682*** | − 2.662*** |
| Â | (0.483) | (0.482) | (0.482) | |
 Fair |  | −5.230*** | −5.234*** | −5.206*** |
| Â | (0.454) | (0.454) | (0.454) | |
 Good |  | −6.485*** | −6.458*** | −6.426*** |
| Â | (0.487) | (0.487) | (0.487) | |
 Very good |  | −7.633*** | −7.616*** | −7.576*** |
| Â | (0.490) | (0.490) | (0.491) | |
ADL (Impaired) | Â | 2.472*** | 2.457*** | 2.438*** |
| Â | (0.565) | (0.565) | (0.565) | |
Smoke status | ||||
 Quit |  | −0.405 | −0.417 | −0.421 |
| Â | (0.249) | (0.249) | (0.249) | |
 No |  | −0.141 | −0.157 | − 0.160 |
| Â | (0.233) | (0.233) | (0.233) | |
Drink status (Yes) |  | −0.201 | − 0.165 | − 0.160 |
| Â | (0.174) | (0.174) | (0.174) | |
Sleep time |  | −3.814*** | −3.797*** | −3.796*** |
| Â | (0.272) | (0.272) | (0.272) | |
Employment (Yes) | Â | 0.428* | 0.411* | 0.423* |
| Â | (0.202) | (0.201) | (0.201) | |
Pension insurance (Yes) | Â | 0.073 | 0.085 | 0.088 |
| Â | (0.285) | (0.285) | (0.285) | |
Medical insurance (Yes) |  | −1.512** | −1.486** | −1.479** |
| Â | (0.542) | (0.542) | (0.542) | |
Chronic diseases | ||||
 One |  | 0.248 | 0.265 | 0.269 |
| Â | (0.211) | (0.211) | (0.211) | |
 Two |  | 0.578* | 0.608** | 0.611** |
| Â | (0.234) | (0.234) | (0.234) | |
 Three |  | 1.066*** | 1.112*** | 1.112*** |
| Â | (0.272) | (0.272) | (0.272) | |
 Four and more |  | 1.866*** | 1.918*** | 1.947*** |
| Â | (0.268) | (0.269) | (0.270) | |
Constant | 13.698*** | 27.387*** | 27.528*** | 27.382*** |
(0.930) | (1.233) | (1.233) | (1.232) | |
N | 4545 | 4545 | 4545 | 4545 |