Table 1 Baseline information of participants
From: Association between calf circumference and incontinence in Chinese elderly
Variables | Male (n = 6516) | p | Female (n = 8473) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not Incontinence | Incontinence | Not Incontinence | Incontinence | |||
Total | n = 6175 | n = 341 | < 0.001 | n = 7769 | n = 704 | < 0.001 |
Age in years, mean (sd) | 82.69 (10.70) | 93.43 (8.85) | < 0.001 | 86.20 (11.90) | 97.06 (7.49) | < 0.001 |
Calf circumference1, cm | 32.72 (5.84) | 30.14 (6.81) | < 0.001 | 29.88 (6.11) | 26.64 (6.82) | < 0.001 |
Calf circumference2, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
≥ 34 (Male) /33 (Female) < 34 (Male) /33 (Female) | 2601 (42.11) | 90 (26.39) | 2196 (28.27) | 89 (12.64) | ||
3574 (57.89 | 251 (73.61) | 5573 (71.73) | 615 (87.36) | |||
Calf circumference3, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
≥ 28.5 (Male) /26.5 (Female) | 5080 (82.27) | 206 (60.41) | 5754 (74.06) | 320 (45.45) | ||
< 28.5 (Male) /26.5 (Female) | 1095 (17.73) | 135 (39.59) | 2015 (25.94) | 384 (54.55) | ||
Age group, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
60–70 | 770 (12.47) | 4 (1.17) | 772 (9.94) | 2 (0.28) | ||
71–80 | 1787 (28.94) | 28 (8.21) | 1765 (22.72) | 24 (3.41) | ||
81–90 | 1737 (28.13) | 62 (18.18) | 1910 (24.58) | 79 (11.22) | ||
91–100 | 1351 (21.88) | 129 (37.83) | 1668 (21.47) | 199 (28.27) | ||
> 100 | 530 (8.58) | 118 (34.60) | 1654 (21.29) | 400 (56.82) | ||
Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), % | 0.033 | < 0.001 | ||||
< 0.9 (Male) /0.8 (Female) | 2729 (44.19) | 171 (50.15) | 2792 (35.94) | 356 (50.57) | ||
≥ 0.9 (Male) /0.8 (Female) | 3446 (55.81) | 170 (49.85) | 4977 (64.06) | 348 (49.43) | ||
Socioeconomic status, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Poor | 613 (10.02) | 55 (16.42) | 788 (10.25) | 139 (20.26) | ||
General | 4144 (67.71) | 224 (66.87) | 5555 (72.26) | 471 (68.66) | ||
Good | 1363 (22.27) | 56 (16.72) | 1345 (17.49) | 76 (11.08) | ||
Education level, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Illiterate | 1363 (26.45) | 132 (41.90) | 4489 (66.23) | 505 (80.03) | ||
Primary & Middle school | 3030 (58.79) | 137 (43.49) | 1950 (28.77) | 95 (15.06) | ||
University and above | 761 (14.77) | 46 (14.60) | 339 (5.00) | 31 (4.91) | ||
BMI, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Emaciation | 1616 (26.17) | 184 (53.96) | 2805 (36.11) | 472 (67.05) | ||
Normal | 3800 (61.54) | 123 (36.07) | 3961 (50.98) | 173 (24.57) | ||
Overweight or obesity | 759 (12.29) | 34 (9.97) | 1003 (12.91) | 59 (8.38) | ||
Pregnant history, % | / | 0.509 | ||||
Never | / | / | 115 (1.70) | 13 (2.06) | ||
Equal or more than once | / | / | 6654 (98.30) | 619 (97.94) | ||
Frequently eat fruits & vegetables, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 120 (1.95) | 29 (8.53) | 192 (2.48) | 68 (9.69) | ||
Yes | 6033 (98.05) | 311 (91.47) | 7556 (97.52) | 634 (90.31) | ||
Smoking status, % | < 0.001 | 0.291 | ||||
No | 2591 (42.56) | 184 (54.44) | 7000 (91.94) | 631 (90.79) | ||
Yes | 3497 (57.44) | 154 (45.56) | 614 (8.06) | 64 (9.21) | ||
Drinking status, % | < 0.001 | 0.579 | ||||
No | 3313 (54.59) | 221 (65.77) | 6765 (89.24) | 615 (89.39) | ||
Yes | 2756 (45.41) | 115 (34.23) | 816 (10.76) | 73 (10.61) | ||
Exercise, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 3356 (55.21) | 234 (70.27) | 5022 (65.97) | 548 (79.65) | ||
Yes | 2723 (44.79) | 99 (29.73) | 2590 (34.03) | 140 (20.35) | ||
Limited daily activities, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 4479 (72.72) | 52 (15.29) | 4866 (62.84) | 72 (10.26) | ||
Yes | 1680 (27.28) | 288 (84.71) | 2878 (37.16) | 630 (89.74) | ||
Take dietary supplements, % | 0.341 | 0.849 | ||||
No | 5482 (90.03) | 298 (88.43) | 6738 (87.96) | 606 (88.21) | ||
Yes | 607 (9.97) | 39 (11.57) | 922 (12.04) | 81 (11.79) | ||
History of Fall, % | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 4981 (81.94) | 217 (64.97) | 5784 (75.77) | 452 (66.47) | ||
Yes | 1098 (18.06) | 117 (35.03) | 1850 (24.23) | 228 (33.53) | ||
Respiratory diseases history, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 5447 (88.21) | 276 (80.94) | 7196 (92.62) | 629 (89.35) | ||
Yes | 728 (11.79) | 65 (19.06) | 573 (7.38) | 75 (10.65) | ||
Urinary disease history, % | < 0.001 | 0.258 | ||||
No | 5612 (90.88) | 281 (82.40) | 7691 (99.00) | 700 (99.43) | ||
Yes | 563 (9.12) | 60 (17.60) | 78 (1.00) | 4 (0.57) | ||
Stroke or cardiovascular disease history, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 5520 (89.39) | 236 (69.21) | 7112 (91.54) | 573 (81.39) | ||
Yes | 655 (10.61) | 105 (30.79 | 657 (8.46) | 131 (18.61) | ||
Nervous system disease history, % | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 6075 (98.38) | 285 (83.58) | 7600 (97.82) | 573 (81.39) | ||
Yes | 100 (1.62) | 56 (16.42) | 169 (2.18) | 131 (18.61) | ||