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Table 5 Built environment characteristics in the residential neighborhoods of the participants, overall and divided by weight-status

From: Neighborhood deprivation, built environment, and overweight in adolescents in the city of Oslo

 

Total

(N = 802)

Weight-status1

   

Food environment

Non-overweight (N = 704)

Overweight

(N = 98)

   

- Availability of food outlets2:

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

P-value 9

P-value 10

P-value 11

• Restaurants

5.4 (13.5)

5.1 (13.2)

8.1 (14.4)

0.02

0.07

0.06

• Grocery stores

3.7 (3.9)

3.6 (3.8)

4.6 (4.4)

0.01

0.03

0.04

• Convenience stores

1.4 (2.8)

1.3 (2.8)

1.9 (3.1)

0.01

0.05

0.03

• Fast food restaurants

3.0 (4.7)

2.9 (4.5)

4.0 (4.9)

0.06

0.06

0.09

• “Healthy” food outlets3

9.1 (16.7)

8.6 (16.2)

12.7 (18.1)

0.01

0.05

0.05

• “Unhealthy” food outlets4

4.4 (6.4)

4.2 (6.2)

5.9 (7.0)

0.02

0.02

0.03

- Accessibility of food outlets5:

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

P-value 9

P-value 10

P-value 11

• Restaurants

921 (737)

939 (759)

751 (629)

0.03

0.06

0.04

• Grocery stores

524 (319)

541 (329)

457 (267)

0.02

0.19

0.06

• Convenience stores

995 (593)

1001 (590)

905 (583)

0.79

0.16

0.14

• Fast food restaurants

723 (440)

736 (446)

640 (384)

0.29

0.15

0.11

• “Healthy” food outlets3

1445 (943)

1480 (976)

1208 (771)

0.05

0.06

0.03

• “Unhealthy” food outlets4

1719 (901)

1737 (903)

1545 (831)

0.76

0.10

0.08

Physical activity environment

      

- Availability of PA resources2:

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

P-value 9

P-value 10

P-value 11

• Green spaces

13.6 (8.6)

13.5 (8.6)

14.4 (9.1)

0.61

0.61

0.30

• Green spaces6

9.9 (6.2)

9.8 (6.1)

10.0 (6.6)

0.14

0.99

0.71

• Indoor facilities

2.2 (2.2)

2.1 (2.2)

2.5 (2.4)

0.35

0.13

0.10

• Small outdoor facilities

9.9 (7.0)

9.9 (7.1)

9.9 (6.6)

0.16

0.94

0.86

• Large outdoor facilities

1.8 (2.1)

1.8 (2.2)

1.8 (2.1)

0.82

0.86

0.88

• Public transportation stops7

8.3 (5.5)

8.2 (5.4)

9.2 (6.1)

0.30

0.09

0.25

- Accessibility of PA resources5:

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

P-value 9

P-value 10

P-value 11

• Green spaces

352 (209)

355 (210)

358 (223)

0.14

0.97

1.00

• Indoor facilities

696 (369)

707 (374)

661 (355)

0.82

0.27

0.21

• Small outdoor facilities

437 (261)

449 (264)

406 (236)

0.24

0.48

0.28

• Large outdoor facilities

886 (445)

887 (444)

904 (470)

0.62

0.55

0.59

• Public transportation stop8

361 (215)

362 (219)

361 (201)

0.45

0.47

0.44

  1. 1IOTF body mass index cut-offs adjusted for child age and sex. 2Number of food outlets/physical activity resources of each type within an 800 m radius buffer around the residential neighborhood address of the participant. 3Merged restaurants + grocery stores. 4Merged convenience stores + fast food restaurants. 5Shortest distance in meters from the residential neighborhood address of the participant to the nearest food outlet/physical activity resource of each type (within an 800 m radius buffer). 6Total area of green spaces (expressed in m2 × 103). 7Number of public transportation stops within an 800 m radius buffer around the residential neighborhood address of the participant, including bus, train, tram, and metro. 8Nearest public transportation stop, including bus, train, tram, and metro, within an 800 m radius buffer around the residential neighborhood address of the participant. 9Differences between non-overweight and overweight groups in the availability and accessibility of food outlets/physical activity resources in the participants’ residential neighborhoods (student’s t-test). 10Differences between non-overweight and overweight groups in the availability and accessibility of food outlets/physical activity resources adjusted for the ethnicity of the participants (MANCOVA). 11Differences between non-overweight and overweight groups in the availability and accessibility of food outlets/physical activity resources adjusted for parental education (MANCOVA). SD: standard deviation. PA: physical activity
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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