Table 1 Comparison of sociodemographic and built environment characteristics between neighborhood deprivation levels in Oslo, Norway

Sociodemographic characteristics

Mean (SD)

P-value ⁶

Population density²

4202.3 (1840.8)^{a, b}

9676.0 (7327.6)^a

8478.7 (7552.9)^b

< 0.001

Minority ethnicity (%)

20.0 (5.7)^{c, d}

31.0 (7.7)^{c, e}

52.0 (13.5)^{d, e}

< 0.001

Availability of food outlets ³

Mean (SD)

P-value ⁷

• Restaurants

1.8 (2.1)

8.5 (10.1)

10.1 (24.6)

0.08

• Grocery stores

3.4 (2.2)

4.3 (2.4)

3.9 (3.2)

0.46

• Convenience stores

0.9 (1.1)

1.8 (1.5)

2.8 (7.6)

0.24

• Fast food restaurants

1.3 (1.3)^f

3.7 (3.0)

4.9 (8.4)^f

0.03

Availability of PA resources ³

Mean (SD)

P-value ⁷

• Green spaces

16.2 (9.3)

13.2 (7.9)

16.3 (11.3)

0.26

• Green spaces⁴

21.0 (28.7)

16.5 (17.6)

14.8 (13.3)

0.94

• Indoor facilities

3.4 (2.4)^g

1.9 (1.8)^g

2.8 (2.2)

0.04

• Small outdoor facilities

11.9 (6.7)

8.3 (6.2)

11.5 (8.4)

0.08

• Large outdoor facilities

3.2 (5.1)

1.6 (2.4)

2.4 (2.8)

0.27

• Public transportation stops⁵

14.2 (5.0)

11.9 (4.7)

12.5 (9.0)

0.58