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Table 4 Least Squares Means of Gender and Coping Behaviour Interactions for Change in Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents (n = 3531)

From: Stronger together: Coping behaviours and mental health changes of Canadian adolescents in early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

Least Squares Means of Interactions for Change in Anxiety

Females

Males

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

Spending time with my family (e.g., playing games, eating meals together, hanging out)

Yes

2.28

[1.30, 3.26] *

0.86

[-0.38, 2.10]

No

3.90

[2.92, 4.88]

1.41

[0.16, 2.65]

Using cannabis/marijuana

Yes

2.33

[1.21, 3.45]

1.13

[-0.43, 2.69]

No

3.85

[2.84, 4.87

1.13

[-0.09, 2.35]

Drinking alcohol

Yes

3.48

[2.45, 4.52]

1.43

[0.10, 2.76]

No

2.70

[1.70, 3.70]

0.83

[-0.45, 2.12]

Vaping

Yes

3.78

[2.72, 4.84]

1.25

[-0.14, 2.65]

No

2.40

[1.38, 3.42]

1.01

[-0.27, 2.28]

Eating junk food

Yes

3.58

[2.59, 4.56]**

1.23

[-0.02, 2.48]

No

2.60

[1.63, 3.58]

1.03

[-0.22, 2.28]

Trying to help others

Yes

3.24

[2.24, 4.24]

1.42

[0.14, 2.70]

No

2.94

[1.98, 3.91]

0.84

[-0.38, 2.07]

Keeping to a regular schedule (e.g., waking up, eating meals, and going to bed around the same time as usual)

Yes

2.88

[1.89, 3.87]

1.01

[-0.24, 2.26]

No

3.30

[2.33, 4.20]

1.25

[0.02, 2.49]

Connecting with mental health professionals

Yes

4.28

[3.06, 5.50]

1.76

[-0.06, 3.58]

No

1.90

[1.03, 2.78]

0.50

[-0.50, 1.50]

Spending time alone

Yes

3.35

[2.38, 4.31]

1.62

[0.40, 2.84]

No

2.84

[1.84, 3.83]

0.64

[-0.62, 1.91]

  1. CI: confidence interval; * indicating engaging in the coping behaviour was more beneficial and ** indicating it was more detrimental for females relative to males