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Table 5 Odds Ratios (OR) and Standard Errors (SE) for Hierarchical Logistic Regression Models for Hypertension Control (n = 1,928)

From: Individual and area-level socioeconomic correlates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Hypertension Control

Model 1: Age + Sex

Model 2: Model 1 + SES

Model 3a: Model 2 + Area Deprivation Quintile

Model 4a: Model 3a + BMI and DM Prevalence

Model 3b: Model 2 + Area Deprivation Change

Model 4b: Model 3b + BMI and DM Prevalence

Variables

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

Age

 31–60

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 18–30

1.837

0.677

1.728

0.643

1.723

0.642

1.652

0.617

1.747

0.651

1.680

0.627

 Over 60

0.936

0.087

0.909

0.091

0.915

0.092

0.913

0.093

0.90

0.091

0.899

0.091

Sex

 Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

1.201

0.143

1.191

0.143

1.190

0.143

1.235

0.152

1.207

0.145

1.250

0.154

Education

 None

  

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Some primary education

  

0.970

0.105

0.969

0.105

0.967

0.106

0.959

0.104

0.957

0.105

 High school incomplete

  

1.377 *

0.219

1.371 *

0.218

1.390 *

0.223

1.365

0.217

1.382 *

0.222

 High school complete

  

1.195

0.223

1.198

0.225

1.194

0.225

1.193

0.223

1.189

0.223

 Tertiary

  

0.950

0.282

0.961

0.285

0.960

0.286

0.953

0.282

0.948

0.282

Employment Status

 Unemployed

  

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Employed

  

0.716 *

0.101

0.723 *

0.102

0.714 *

0.102

0.726 *

0.103

0.717 *

0.103

2011 Area Deprivation Quintile

 Q2

    

Ref

 

Ref

     

 Q3

    

0.438

0.190

0.403 *

0.176

    

 Q4

    

0.441

0.189

0.399 *

0.172

    

Body Mass Index

 Normal weight 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

      

Ref

   

Ref

 

 Underweight < 18.5 kg/m2

      

0.876

0.168

  

0.880

0.169

 Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2

      

0.898

0.120

  

0.906

0.120

 Obese >  = 30 kg/m2

      

0.842

0.101

  

0.851

0.103

Diabetes

 No current or previous diabetes diagnosis

      

Ref

   

Ref

 

 Current or previous diabetes diagnosis

      

0.764 **

0.075

  

0.784 *

0.076

2001 to 2011 Area Deprivation Quintile Change

 No change in quintile

        

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Quintile worsened

        

0.792

0.116

0.807

0.118

  1. * p < 0.05
  2. ** p < 0.01
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BMC Public Health

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