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Table 4 Odds Ratios (OR) and Standard Errors (SE) for Hierarchical Logistic Regression Models for Hypertension Treatment (n = 2,324)

From: Individual and area-level socioeconomic correlates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Hypertension Treatment

Model 1: Age + Sex

Model 2: Model 1 + SES

Model 3a: Model 2 + Area Deprivation Quintile

Model 4a: Model 3a + BMI and DM Prevalence

Model 3b: Model 2 + Area Deprivation Change

Model 4b: Model 3b + BMI and DM Prevalence

Variables

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

OR

SE

Age

 31–60

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 18–30

0.090 **

0.019

0.098 **

0.021

0.097 **

0.021

0.103 **

0.022

0.097 **

0.021

0.103 **

0.022

 Over 60

4.348 **

0.652

4.038 **

0.635

4.026 **

0.634

4.257 **

0.677

3.942 **

0.623

4.144 **

0.661

Sex

 Male

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

1.579 **

0.228

1.569 **

0.227

1.594 **

0.232

1.391 *

0.209

1.623 **

0.237

1.415 *

0.213

Education

 None

  

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Some primary education

  

1.132

0.183

1.139

0.185

1.227

0.201

1.103

0.180

1.188

0.196

 High school incomplete

  

0.873

0.161

0.874

0.162

0.931

0.174

0.856

0.159

0.906

0.171

 High school complete

  

0.725

0.143

0.728

0.144

0.748

0.150

0.717

0.142

0.736

0.147

 Tertiary

  

1.013

0.347

1.009

0.346

1.056

0.367

1.029

0.354

1.074

0.374

Employment Status

 Unemployed

  

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Employed

  

0.919

0.140

0.928

0.142

0.879

0.137

0.973

0.151

0.922

0.145

2011 Area Deprivation Quintile

 Q2

    

Ref

 

Ref

     

 Q3

    

0.742

0.368

0.752

0.382

    

 Q4

    

0.924

0.443

0.909

0.446

    

Body Mass Index

 Normal weight 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

      

Ref

   

Ref

 

 Underweight < 18.5 kg/m2

      

0.725

0.163

  

0.743

0.169

 Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2

      

1.183

0.200

  

1.185

0.201

 Obese >  = 30 kg/m2

      

1.715 **

0.278

  

1.721 **

0.279

Diabetes

 No current or previous diabetes diagnosis

      

Ref

   

Ref

 

 Current or previous diabetes diagnosis

      

0.835

0.109

  

0.871

0.115

2001 to 2011 Area Deprivation Quintile Change

 No change in quintile

        

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Quintile worsened

        

0.540 **

0.088

0.558 **

0.093

  1. * p < 0.05
  2. ** p < 0.01
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BMC Public Health

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