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Table 4 Multivariate multiple linear regression analysis: Correlations between Language Environment Analysis (LENA) outcome measures (AWC, CTC and CVC) and family characteristics

From: The home language environment in rural China: variations across family characteristics

VARIABLES

lnAWC

lnCTC

lnCVC

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

Age of child (months)

0.00

0.03

0.05

  

(0.07)

(0.07)

(0.04)

(2)

Sex (1 = boy)

0.05

0.03

0.06

  

(0.15)

(0.21)

(0.14)

(3)

Age of mother (years)

0.01

0.06

0.04

  

(0.03)

(0.04)

(0.03)

(4)

Maternal education level (1 = completed middle school or above)

-0.18

0.00

-0.00

  

(0.32)

(0.41)

(0.27)

(5)

Mother is the primary caregiver (1 = yes)

-0.34

-0.17

0.02

  

(0.17)

(0.21)

(0.13)

(6)

Number of adults in the household

0.24*

0.13

0.02

  

(0.10)

(0.13)

(0.10)

(7)

Whether there are siblings at home (1 = yes)

-0.18

-0.50

-0.35

  

(0.33)

(0.51)

(0.25)

(8)

Paternal education level (1 = completed middle school or above)

0.43*

0.08

-0.05

  

(0.17)

(0.17)

(0.22)

(9)

Father lived at home during most of the last year (1 = yes)

-0.22

-0.02

0.08

  

(0.20)

(0.21)

(0.14)

(10)

Asset index (PCA score)

-0.03

0.10

0.02

  

(0.10)

(0.15)

(0.07)

(11)

Observations

38

38

38

(12)

R-squared

0.39

0.33

0.35

  1. Source: Authors’ survey.
  2. Notes: In our multivariate multiple linear regressions, the county fixed effects are used to control for the unobserved heterogeneity at the county level.
  3. Standard errors in parentheses; standard errors were adjusted at the village cluster level.
  4. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05