Disparities in the first-ever diagnosed liver cancers between the emergency department and outpatient department in Taiwan: a population-based study

Hsu, Tai-Yi; Ye, Jhu-Jing; Ye, Sih-Yun; Tseng, Hsiao-Yuan; Chou, Wen-Yu; Kung, Pei-Tseng; Tsai, Wen-Chen

doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15218-5

Table 4 Variables associated with risk of liver cancer-specific mortality in first-ever diagnosed liver cancers

From: Disparities in the first-ever diagnosed liver cancers between the emergency department and outpatient department in Taiwan: a population-based study

Variables	Censored		Death		P-Value ^a	Adjusted HR	95%CI^b		P-Value^c
Variables	N	%	N	%	P-Value ^a	Adjusted HR	95%CI^b		P-Value^c
Total	1606	55.74	1275	44.26
Location of diagnosis					< 0.001
Outpatient department	1545	57.14	1159	42.86
Emergency department	61	34.46	116	65.54		1.38	1.14	1.68	0.001*
Stage					< 0.001
0	183	84.72	33	15.28
A	844	70.86	347	29.14		1.08	0.75	1.55	0.675
B	364	50.28	360	49.72		1.47	1.02	2.13	0.040*
C	192	29.45	460	70.55		2.90	2.00	4.20	< 0.001*
D	23	23.47	75	76.53		4.32	2.81	6.66	< 0.001*
Personal characteristics
Gender					0.020
Male	1118	54.78	923	45.22
Female	488	58.10	352	41.90		0.87	0.75	1.00	0.046*
Age (year)					< 0.001
40–54	298	54.48	249	45.52
55–64	522	58.52	370	41.48		0.85	0.71	1.02	0.072
65–74	489	56.14	382	43.86		0.82	0.68	0.98	0.034*
≥75	297	52.01	274	47.99		0.84	0.69	1.04	0.105
Mean ± SD	64.24 ± 10.48		64.85 ± 11.31		0.136
Marital status					0.001
Unmarried	76	49.03	79	50.97
Married	1342	56.96	1014	43.04		1.14	0.90	1.45	0.283
Divorced	73	50.69	71	49.31		1.23	0.88	1.72	0.222
Widowed	115	50.88	111	49.12		1.07	0.78	1.46	0.688
Socio-economic status
Monthly salaries (NT$ ^e )					< 0.001
≤ 22,800	533	29.76	1258	70.24
22,801 − 28,800	651	98.64	9	1.36		0.01	0.01	0.03	< 0.001*
≥ 28,801	422	98.14	8	1.86		0.03	0.01	0.05	< 0.001*
Education level					< 0.001
Elementary school (and illiterate)	813	52.72	729	47.28
Junior high school	293	55.70	233	44.30		0.82	0.70	0.97	0.023*
Senior high school (and above)	500	61.50	313	38.50		0.78	0.67	0.91	0.002*
Environmental factors
Urbanization					0.430
Level 1	362	55.10	295	44.90
Level 2	471	56.14	368	43.86		0.96	0.82	1.13	0.611
Level 3	246	55.41	198	44.59		1.01	0.84	1.22	0.940
Level 4	298	58.89	208	41.11		1.27	1.05	1.53	0.012*
Level 5	55	53.40	48	46.60		1.72	1.25	2.37	< 0.001*
Level 6	101	53.16	89	46.84		1.24	0.97	1.60	0.088
Level 7	73	51.41	69	48.59		1.39	1.06	1.82	0.019*
Use of preventive medicine
Health examination within three years before the diagnosis					< 0.001
No	267	33.67	526	66.33
Yes	1339	64.13	749	35.87		0.64	0.57	0.72	< 0.001*
Health status
Charlson comorbidity index					< 0.001
≤ 2	327	87.20	48	12.80
3–7	1075	56.37	832	43.63		1.32	0.98	1.79	0.068
≥ 8	204	34.06	395	65.94		1.45	1.06	1.98	0.020*
Hepatitis B					< 0.001
No	934	52.83	834	47.17
Yes	672	60.38	441	39.62		1.02	0.90	1.15	0.800
Hepatitis C					0.012
No	1009	54.75	834	45.25
Yes	597	57.51	441	42.49		1.01	0.89	1.15	0.848
Characteristics of main treatment institutions after diagnosis
Level of medical institutions					< 0.001
Medical center	244	49.39	250	50.61
Regional hospital	416	52.46	377	47.54		1.02	0.86	1.21	0.807
District hospital	183	55.12	149	44.88		0.91	0.74	1.12	0.370
Primary clinic	763	60.46	499	39.54		0.83	0.71	0.98	0.030*
Ownership of the hospital					0.371
Public hospital	242	54.50	202	45.50
Non-public hospital	1364	55.97	1073	44.03		1.04	0.88	1.22	0.664

^aLog-Rank test. ^bCI: confidence interval. ^cCox Proportional Hazard Model. ^dNT$: New Taiwan Dollar. *P < 0.05

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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