Table 2 Spatial panel-data models of the incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | Std. Err. | z-value | p-value | Coef. | Std. Err. | z-value | p-value | Coef. | Std. Err. | z-value | p-value | |
Main effects | ||||||||||||
Social environmental & socioeconomic factors | ||||||||||||
Proportion of old adults (%) | 0.0947 | 0.0111 | 8.55 | < 0.001 | 0.1000 | 0.0088 | 11.35 | < 0.001 | 0.0990 | 0.0095 | 10.38 | < 0.001 |
Proportion of aboriginal peoples (%) | 0.0231 | 0.0025 | 9.23 | < 0.001 | 0.0171 | 0.0022 | 7.65 | < 0.001 | 0.0167 | 0.0024 | 6.98 | < 0.001 |
Proportion of healthcare resource allocation surrogate (%) | 0.0137 | 0.0039 | 3.53 | < 0.001 | 0.0076 | 0.0036 | 2.12 | 0.034 | 0.0080 | 0.0036 | 2.24 | 0.025 |
Proportion of bachelor’s degree (%) | -0.0536 | 0.0082 | -6.57 | < 0.001 | -0.0596 | 0.0085 | -7.03 | < 0.001 | -0.0612 | 0.0089 | -6.84 | < 0.001 |
Unemployment rate (%) | 0.0782 | 0.0200 | 3.90 | < 0.001 | 0.0689 | 0.0188 | 3.66 | < 0.001 | 0.0741 | 0.0193 | 3.85 | < 0.001 |
Average income per month (NT$ 1,000) | 1.88E-07 | 2.36E-07 | 0.80 | 0.424 | 3.67E-07 | 1.99E-07 | 1.85 | 0.065 | 4.03E-07 | 2.03E-07 | 1.98 | 0.047 |
PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 1.42E-05 | 1.48E-03 | 0.01 | 0.992 | 0.0009 | 0.0012 | 0.77 | 0.442 | 0.0009 | 0.0012 | 0.75 | 0.456 |
Baseline characteristics | ||||||||||||
Proportion of male (%) | 0.0125 | 0.0013 | 9.88 | < 0.001 | 0.0124 | 0.0013 | 9.89 | < 0.001 | ||||
Average age (year) | 0.0008 | 0.0010 | 0.84 | 0.402 | 0.0008 | 0.001 | 0.85 | 0.396 | ||||
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0.0015 | 0.0003 | 5.18 | < 0.001 | 0.0015 | 0.0003 | 5.07 | < 0.001 | ||||
Hypertension (%) | 0.0073 | 0.0004 | 18.93 | < 0.001 | 0.0072 | 0.0004 | 17.77 | < 0.001 | ||||
NSAIDs or Aminoglycosides (DDD/person/day) | ||||||||||||
NSAID: ≦ 90 days prior to ESRD | 1.7200 | 0.6433 | 2.67 | 0.007 | ||||||||
NSAID: 91–180 days prior to ESRD | 0.2823 | 0.6587 | 0.43 | 0.668 | ||||||||
NSAID: 181–365 days prior to ESRD | -0.2832 | 0.4901 | -0.58 | 0.563 | ||||||||
AG: ≦ 90 days prior to ESRD | -0.2370 | 1.1646 | -0.2 | 0.839 | ||||||||
Spatial spillover effect | ||||||||||||
Lambda (λ) | 0.0860 | 0.0139 | -4.33 | < 0.001 | 0.0581 | 0.0228 | 2.55 | 0.011 | 0.0661 | 0.0221 | 3.00 | 0.003 |
Rho (ρ) | -0.0781 | 0.0180 | 6.18 | < 0.001 | -0.0388 | 0.0235 | -1.65 | 0.099 | -0.0465 | 0.0236 | -1.97 | 0.049 |
Goodness of fit | ||||||||||||
Log-likelihood ratio | -1118.0 | -775.6 | -772.0 | |||||||||