Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
---|---|---|
Participants | Studies targeting the public/patients’ use of antibiotics Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) who are responsible for prescribing, dispensing, or administering antibiotics (doctors, pharmacists) | Non-HCPs (patient family or community or nursing or long-term care patients) |
Intervention | Studies describe an intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing or AMS or any other intervention as the use of the parenteral-to-oral switch and the duration of IV and oral antibiotics | Studies that do not describe an AMS intervention |
Comparison | Comparison with a control group/a group that carried out usual care without an AMS intervention; comparison between two or more AMS interventions | |
Context | Interventions carried out in adult inpatient settings in acute care hospitals | Interventions carried out in nursing homes, care homes or long-term healthcare facilities; community settings; paediatric setting/hospital; and animals/ veterinary practice |
Outcomes | Primary outcomes: reviewing the AMS implementation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | |
Secondary outcomes: other AMS measures, metrics, and quality improvement before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | ||
Study design | Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), non-randomized trials, Controlled Before-After (CBA) studies, interrupted time series designs, case–control and cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative studies | Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, single case studies, case reports, and conference abstracts |