The association between chronic conditions, COVID-19 infection, and food insecurity among the older US adults: findings from the 2020–2021 National Health Interview Survey

Table 3 The Association between chronic conditions or COVID-19 infection and food insecurity in the older adults (≥ 65 years), 2020–2021 NHIS sample

	Low food security vs. high or marginal food security	Very low food security vs. high or marginal food security
	AOR (95% CI)^a	AOR (95% CI)
Physical health conditions
Arthritis	1.19 (1.18, 1.20)	1.81 (1.79, 1.82)
CHD	1.59 (1.58, 1.59)	2.40 (2.38, 2.41)
Hypertension	1.28 (1.27, 1.28)	1.41 (1.40, 1.42)
Stroke	1.37 (1.36, 1.38)	2.05 (2.03, 2.06)
Prediabetes	1.35 (1.34, 1.35)	1.51 (1.51, 1.52)
Diabetes	1.49 (1.49, 1.50)	1.74 (1.73, 1.76)
Asthma	1.17 (1.16, 1.18)	1.45 (1.43, 1.46)
COPD	1.42 (1.41, 1.42)	1.76 (1.75, 1.77)
Disability	1.81 (1.80, 1.82)	3.58 (3.56, 3.60)
Mental health conditions
Anxiety disorder	2.28 (2.27, 2.29)	2.43 (2.42, 2.45)
Depression disorder	2.19 (2.18, 2.21)	2.83 (2.82, 2.85)
COVID-19 infection^b	1.03 (1.01, 1.04)	1.82 (1.80, 1.84)

Notes. NHIS National Health Interview Survey, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, CHD coronary heart disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^aAORs with 95% CIs were calculated based on the weighted sample. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, region, education, employment, federal poverty level, health insurance, and SNAP participation were adjusted in the weighted logistic regression models. Participants without chronic conditions or with negative COVID-19 infection were set as the reference group (AORs = 1). All the significant associations were significant at p < 0.0001
^bThe association between COVID-19 infection and food insecurity was also adjusted for the presence of any chronic conditions, in addition to socio-demographic variables above

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