Table 3 Factors Associated with Non-adherence to Screening Recommendations (N = 377)

Age

1.01 (0.98 – 1.03)

0.12 ^a

1.42 (1.39 – 1.45)

0.01^b

Marital status

 Single

1.64 (1.05 – 2.58)

0.03^a

1.78 (1.05 – 3.01)

0.03^b

 Married/living with a partner

R

R

 Divorced/separated/widowed

1.41 (0.66 – 3.02)

0.69

1.26 (0.51 – 3.14)

0.62

Education

 No formal education/ primary school

R

R

 Secondary/ high school

1.60 (1.01 – 2.54)

0.05^a

1.56 (0.87 – 2.79)

0.13

 Tertiary

0.97 (0.64 – 2.73)

0.46

1.11 (0.45 – 2.76)

0.81

HIV status

 “HIV-positive”

R

R

 “HIV-negative”

1.55 (1.03 – 2.34)

0.04^a

1.04 (0.64 – 1.70)

0.86

Availability of electricity in household

 Yes

R

-

 No

1.08 (0.65 – 1.81)

0.76

-

-

Travel time to clinic

 ≤ 30 min

R

-

-

 > 30 min

1.02 (0.68 – 1.53)

0.92

-

-

Clinic visits in the past 6 months

 More than twice

R

R

 Twice

1.02 (0.58 – 1.76)

0.96

0.93 (0.49 – 1.74)

0.82

 Once

1.08 (0.63 – 1.85)

0.77

1.09 (0.59 – 2.03)

0.79

 Never

1.91 (1.02 – 3.57)

0.04^a

1.10 (0.54 – 2.25)

0.79

Knowledge

 Screening intervals

0.76 (0.60 – 0.97)

0.03^a

0.80 (0.50 – 1.06)

0.12

 Risk factors

0.99 (0.89 – 1.12)

0.95

-

-

 Benefits of screening

0.93 (0.73 – 1.17)

0.52

-

-

 Meaning of screening

1.51 (1.06 – 2.16)

0.02^a

1.73 (0.91 – 2.64)

0.19

Attitudes

Screening is likely painful

 Agree

-

-

4.43 (2.62 – 7.46)

 < 0.001^b

 Disagree

-

R

At low risk of getting cancer

 Agree

-

-

0.63 (0.39 – 1.01)

0.06

 Disagree

-

R

Screening would show cervical cancer

 Agree

-

-

0.62 (0.37 – 1.03)

0.06

 Disagree

-

R

Advised by a doctor/ nurse to screen

 Agree

-

R

 Disagree

-

-

2.82 (1.71 – 4.64)

 < 0.001^b