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Table 3 Means, standard deviations, α, and correlations with confidence intervals for employees’ and leaders’ sample

From: Health-oriented leadership, gender-differences and job satisfaction: results from a representative population-based study in Germany

Variable

M

SD

α

1

2

3

Employees

1. health-oriented leadership

4.18

1.72

.94

   

2. self-rated health status

3.81

1.21

–

.41**

  
   

[.33, .49]

  

3. job satisfaction

2.89

0.61

.89

.70**

.42**

 
   

[.64, .74]

[.34, .50]

 

4. age

43.38

13.19

–

−.08

−.22**

.01

   

[−.17, .02]

[−.31, −.13]

[−.09, .10]

5. education level

–

–

–

.07+

.18**+

.02+

   

[−.03, .16]

[.09, .27]

[−.07, .12]

Leaders

1. health-oriented leadership

5.27

1.27

.89

   

2. self-rated health status

4.05

1.01

–

.28**

  
   

[.09, .45]

  

3. job satisfaction

3.02

0.55

.86

.41**

.42**

 
   

[.23, .56]

[.24, .56]

 

4. age

42.03

11.78

–

.06

−.22*

.20*

   

[−.13, .26]

[−.40, −.02]

[.00, .38]

5. education level

–

–

–

−.08+

.12+

−.06+

   

[−.27, .12]

[−.08, .31]

[−.25, .14]

  1. Note. M and SD are used to represent mean and standard deviation, respectively. Values in square brackets indicate the 95% confidence interval for each correlation. The confidence interval is a plausible range of population correlations that could have caused the sample correlation (Cumming, 2014). * indicates p < .05. ** indicates p < .01. +Cases in which Kendall’s Tau is reported instead of Pearson correlation coefficient because of the ordinal scale of the variable education level