Table 4 Systematic reviews with meta-analysis: Neonatal Outcomes

(Chmielewska et al., 2021) [32]

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled odds ratios:

Changes during x before pandemic:

Stillbirth increase: 1·28 (95% CI: 1·07–1·54)

Maternal death increase: 1·37 (95% CI: 1·22–1·53)

Preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation not significantly changed: 0·94 (95% CI: 0·87–1·02)

Preterm births < 37 weeks' gestation decreased in high-income countries: 0·91 (95% CI: 0·84–0·99)

Spontaneous preterm birth decreased in high-income countries: 0·81 (95% CI: 0·67–0·97)

Surgically managed ectopic pregnancies increased: 5·81 (95% CI: 2·16–15·6)

No significant changes in any other outcomes

(Jafari et al., 2021) [86]

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and comparison with control patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled odds ratios:

More common among COVID-19 positive mothers:

Low birth weight: 9 (95% CI: 2.4–30)

Preterm birth: 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5–3.5)

Pooled prevalences:

NICU admission: 43% (95% CI: 2–96)

Fetal distress: 30% (95% CI: 12–58)

Low birth weight: 25% (95% CI:16–37)

Vertical transmission: 5.3% (95% CI:1.3–16)

Positive SARS-CoV-2 test: 8% (95% CI: 4–16)

(Capobianco et al., 2020) [23]

COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled prevalences:

Preterm births: 23% (95% CI: 11.0 –39.0)

Infected neonates: 6% (95% CI: 2.0 –12.0)

(Di Mascio et al., 2020) [51]

Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled prevalences:

Preterm birth < 37 weeks: 41.1% (95% CI: 25.6–57.6)

Perinatal death: 7.0% (95% CI: 1.4–16.3)

No signs of vertical transmission

(Diriba et al., 2020) [55]

The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled prevalences:

Preterm birth < 37 weeks of gestation: 14.3%,

Fetal growth restriction: 2.8%

Fetal distress: 26.5%

Neonatal asphyxia: 1.4%

Apgar score < 7 at 5 min: 1.2%

Admitted to ICU: 11.3%

Perinatal death: 2.2%

No reports of vertical transmission in uterus