Table 2 Characteristics of self-seekers, surrogate-seekers, and self- and surrogate-seekers

Gender

χ2 = 2.319, V = .078

2

.314

 Male

38.2%

32.9%

41.6%

 Female

61.8%

67.1%

58.4%

Age Group

χ2 = 7.745. V = .100

6

.257

 18–25 years

10.8%

10.4%

15.1%

 26–45 years

40.2%

29.2%

38.8%

 46–60 years

27.5%

30.6%

25.2%

  > 60 years

21.6%

29.9%

20.9%

∅ Age (in years) (SD)

46.58 (15.89)

49.24 (17.42)

45.08 (16.96)

F = 2.207

2

.111

Education

χ2 = 11.260, V = .121

4

.024

 Low (no formal educational degree or only 8/9 years of schooling)

31.4%

17.4%

25.2%

 Intermediate (10 years of schooling)

32.4%

41.7%

27.3%

 High (12/13 years of schooling)

36.3%

41.0%

47.5%

Relational status

χ2 = 1.948, V = .072

2

.378

 Single/Divorced/Widowed

52.5%

44.0%

44.9%

 Married/in partnership

47.5%

56.0%

55.1%

Migration background

χ2 = 8.036, V = .102

8

.430

 No migration background

82.4%

78.3%

80.6%

 Grandparents immigrated to GER

2.9%

4.9%

4.3%

 One parent immigrated to GER

3.9%

4.9%

6.5%

 Both parents immigrated to GER

6.9%

3.5%

1.4%

 Respondent him-/herself immigrated to GER

3.9%

8.4%

7.2%

Proximity

 Self-affected by a mental illness

78.4%

24.3%

56.8%

χ2 = 73.586, V = .437

2

 < .001

 Person in close environment affected

47.1%

61.8%

71.9%

χ2 = 15.399, V = .200

2

 < .001

 Professional contact with affected persons

9.8%

20.1%

28.1%

χ2 = 12.136, V = .178

2

.002

 ∅ Social distance (SD)

2.52 (0.80)

2.65 (0.77)^a

2.37 (0.78)^a

F = 4.595

2

.011