Table 8 Result of panel data analysis for the association between emergency statement and mobility for the prefectures in Japan, using divided emergency statement for 2020 and 2021: sensitivity analysis without covariates

retail

emergency_1st

-0.1961

0.0068

<0.0001

No

emergency_2nd

-0.0861

0.0051

<0.0001

emergency_3rd

-0.0748

0.0084

<0.0001

emergency_4th

-0.0521

0.0069

<0.0001

grocery

emergency_1st

-0.0376

0.0029

<0.0001

No

emergency_2nd

-0.0266

0.0080

0.0009

emergency_3rd

0.0339

0.0053

<0.0001

emergency_4th

0.0514

0.0021

<0.0001

workplaces

emergency_1st

-0.1409

0.0046

<0.0001

No

emergency_2nd

-0.0042

0.0040

0.2947

emergency_3rd

-0.0181

0.0112

0.1068

emergency_4th

-0.0301

0.0133

0.0233

residential

emergency_1st

0.0779

0.0023

<0.0001

No

emergency_2nd

0.0141

0.0019

<0.0001

emergency_3rd

0.0201

0.0031

<0.0001

emergency_4th

0.0217

0.0022

<0.0001