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Table 4 Adjusted odd ratios for factors associated with media sources and vaccine resistance among participants in sub-Saharan Africa during the pandemic

From: The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa

Variables

Total

Radio

TV

Newspaper

Social media

HCWs

Family/Friends

Demography

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

Age category in years

 18-28

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 29-38

1.58 [1.16, 2.15]

1.58 [1.16, 2.15]

1.58 [1.16, 2.15]

1.59 [1.17, 2.17]

1.60 [1.17, 2.19]

1.59 [1.17, 2.17]

1.58 [1.16, 2.15]

 39-48

1.13 [0.78, 1.66]

1.13 [0.77, 1.66]

1.13 [0.77, 1.65]

1.15 [0.78, 1.68]

1.15 [0.78, 1.68]

1.13 [0.77, 1.65]

1.13 [0.77, 1.66]

 49+

1.30 [0.86, 1.96]

1.30 [0.86, 1.96]

1.29 [0.85,1.95]

1.34 [0.89, 2.04]

1.29 [0.85, 1.95]

1.30 [0.86, 1.97]

1.29 [0.85, 1.96]

Sex

 Males

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Females

1.11[0.89, 1.37]

1.11 [0.90, 1.37]

1.12 [0.91, 1.39]

1.09 [0.88, 1.35]

1.12 [0.90, 1.38]

1.10[0.89, 1.37]

1.09 [0.88, 1.35]

SSA Region of Origin

 West Africa

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 East Africa

1.65 [1.07, 2.53]

1.65[1.07, 2.54]

1.69 [1.10, 2.59]

1.64 [1.07, 2.53]

1.63 [1.06, 2.51]

1.71[1.11, 2.63]

1.70 [1.10, 2.61]

 Central Africa

0.73 [0.52, 1.04]

0.73 [0.52, 1.04]

0.72 [0.51, 1.02]

0.74 [0.52, 1.05]

0.75 [0.53, 1.07]

0.72 [0.51, 1.02]

0.73 [0.51, 1.03]

 Southern Africa

1.02 [0.77, 1.33]

1.01[0.77, 1.33]

0.99 [0.75, 1.31]

1.03 [0.78, 1.35]

1.05 [0.79, 1.38]

1.02[0.78, 1.32]

1.01 [0.77, 1.33]

Marital Status

 Married

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Not married

1.20 [0.92, 1.55]

1.19[0.92, 1.55]

1.20 [0.92, 1.56]

1.22 [0.94, 1.59]

1.17 [0.90, 1.52]

1.19 [0.91, 1.55]

1.19[0.91, 155]

Highest level of education

 Postgraduate Degree

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Bachelor’s degree

0.86 [0.67, 1.11]

0.86[0.67, 1.11]

0.88 [0.68, 1.13]

0.86[0.67, 1.11]

0.87[0.68, 1.13]

0.85[0.66, 1.10]

0.87 [0.67, 1.11]

 Secondary

0.86 [0.58, 1.26]

0.86 [0.58, 1.26]

0.88 [0.60, 1.30]

0.84[0.58, 1.24]

0.89[0.61, 1.32]

0.86[0.59, 1.26]

0.86 [0.58, 1.26]

 Primary or less

0.27 [0.08, 0.91]

0.27[0.08, 0.91]

0.29 [0.09, 0.98]

0.27[0.08, 0.91]

0.30[0.09, 1.02]

0.28 [0.08, 0.92]

0.28[0.09, 0.95]

Employment status

 Employed/self employed

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Unemployed/retired

0.84 [0.63, 1.13]

0.84[0.63, 1.13]

0.85 [0.64, 1.14]

0.83 [0.62, 1.11]

0.85 [0.63, 1.14]

0.85 [0.63, 1.14]

0.84[0.63, 1.13]

Religion

 Christianity

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Others

0.57 [0.38, 0.84]

0.57[0.38, 0.84]

0.60 [0.40, 0.89]

0.56[0.38, 0.84]

0.60 [0.40, 0.88]

0.58 [0.39, 0.85]

0.59 [0.40, 0.87]

Occupation

 Non-healthcare sector

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Healthcare sector

0.64 [0.50, 0.82]

0.64[0.50, 0.82]

0.65 [0.51, 0.83]

0.63[0.49, 0.81]

0.65[0.51, 0.83]

0.62 [0.48, 0.79]

0.66 [0.52, 0.85]

Smoking status

 Ex-smoker

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Current smoker

1.65 [0.92, 2.96]

1.65 [0.92, 2.96]

1.61 [0.90, 2.90]

1.64 [0.91, 2.94]

1.62 [0.90, 2.91]

1.65 [0.92, 2.96]

1.58 [0.88, 2.83]

 Non smoker

1.29 [0.81, 2.05]

1.29 [0.81, 2.04]

1.25 [0.79, 1.99]

1.31 [0.82, 2.07]

1.30 [0.82, 2.06]

1.27 [0.80, 2.01]

1.26[0.79, 2.00]

Any pre-existing condition

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.97 [0.72, 1.30]

0.97 [0.72, 1.30]

0.95 [0.71, 1.28]

0.97 [0.72, 1.31]

0.93[0.69, 1.26]

0.95[0.71, 1.28]

0.96 [0.71, 1.29]

Previous vaccine as a child

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Yes

0.82 [0.66, 1.03]

0.82[0.66, 1.03]

0.82 [0.65, 1.02]

0.84 [0.67, 1.05]

0.82 [0.65, 1.03]

0.81 [0.64, 1.01]

0.82 [0.65, 1.03]

  1. Confidence intervals (CI) that does not include 1.00 are significant variables
  2. Postgraduate degree includes Masters /PhD
  3. HCW Healthcare workers