From: The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa
Variables | Total | Radio | TV | Newspaper | Social media | HCWs | Family/Friends |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demography | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] | AORs [95% CI] |
Age category in years | |||||||
 18-28 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 29-38 | 1.58 [1.16, 2.15] | 1.58 [1.16, 2.15] | 1.58 [1.16, 2.15] | 1.59 [1.17, 2.17] | 1.60 [1.17, 2.19] | 1.59 [1.17, 2.17] | 1.58 [1.16, 2.15] |
 39-48 | 1.13 [0.78, 1.66] | 1.13 [0.77, 1.66] | 1.13 [0.77, 1.65] | 1.15 [0.78, 1.68] | 1.15 [0.78, 1.68] | 1.13 [0.77, 1.65] | 1.13 [0.77, 1.66] |
 49+ | 1.30 [0.86, 1.96] | 1.30 [0.86, 1.96] | 1.29 [0.85,1.95] | 1.34 [0.89, 2.04] | 1.29 [0.85, 1.95] | 1.30 [0.86, 1.97] | 1.29 [0.85, 1.96] |
Sex | |||||||
 Males | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Females | 1.11[0.89, 1.37] | 1.11 [0.90, 1.37] | 1.12 [0.91, 1.39] | 1.09 [0.88, 1.35] | 1.12 [0.90, 1.38] | 1.10[0.89, 1.37] | 1.09 [0.88, 1.35] |
SSA Region of Origin | |||||||
 West Africa | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 East Africa | 1.65 [1.07, 2.53] | 1.65[1.07, 2.54] | 1.69 [1.10, 2.59] | 1.64 [1.07, 2.53] | 1.63 [1.06, 2.51] | 1.71[1.11, 2.63] | 1.70 [1.10, 2.61] |
 Central Africa | 0.73 [0.52, 1.04] | 0.73 [0.52, 1.04] | 0.72 [0.51, 1.02] | 0.74 [0.52, 1.05] | 0.75 [0.53, 1.07] | 0.72 [0.51, 1.02] | 0.73 [0.51, 1.03] |
 Southern Africa | 1.02 [0.77, 1.33] | 1.01[0.77, 1.33] | 0.99 [0.75, 1.31] | 1.03 [0.78, 1.35] | 1.05 [0.79, 1.38] | 1.02[0.78, 1.32] | 1.01 [0.77, 1.33] |
Marital Status | |||||||
 Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Not married | 1.20 [0.92, 1.55] | 1.19[0.92, 1.55] | 1.20 [0.92, 1.56] | 1.22 [0.94, 1.59] | 1.17 [0.90, 1.52] | 1.19 [0.91, 1.55] | 1.19[0.91, 155] |
Highest level of education | |||||||
 Postgraduate Degree | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Bachelor’s degree | 0.86 [0.67, 1.11] | 0.86[0.67, 1.11] | 0.88 [0.68, 1.13] | 0.86[0.67, 1.11] | 0.87[0.68, 1.13] | 0.85[0.66, 1.10] | 0.87 [0.67, 1.11] |
 Secondary | 0.86 [0.58, 1.26] | 0.86 [0.58, 1.26] | 0.88 [0.60, 1.30] | 0.84[0.58, 1.24] | 0.89[0.61, 1.32] | 0.86[0.59, 1.26] | 0.86 [0.58, 1.26] |
 Primary or less | 0.27 [0.08, 0.91] | 0.27[0.08, 0.91] | 0.29 [0.09, 0.98] | 0.27[0.08, 0.91] | 0.30[0.09, 1.02] | 0.28 [0.08, 0.92] | 0.28[0.09, 0.95] |
Employment status | |||||||
 Employed/self employed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Unemployed/retired | 0.84 [0.63, 1.13] | 0.84[0.63, 1.13] | 0.85 [0.64, 1.14] | 0.83 [0.62, 1.11] | 0.85 [0.63, 1.14] | 0.85 [0.63, 1.14] | 0.84[0.63, 1.13] |
Religion | |||||||
 Christianity | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Others | 0.57 [0.38, 0.84] | 0.57[0.38, 0.84] | 0.60 [0.40, 0.89] | 0.56[0.38, 0.84] | 0.60 [0.40, 0.88] | 0.58 [0.39, 0.85] | 0.59 [0.40, 0.87] |
Occupation | |||||||
 Non-healthcare sector | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Healthcare sector | 0.64 [0.50, 0.82] | 0.64[0.50, 0.82] | 0.65 [0.51, 0.83] | 0.63[0.49, 0.81] | 0.65[0.51, 0.83] | 0.62 [0.48, 0.79] | 0.66 [0.52, 0.85] |
Smoking status | |||||||
 Ex-smoker | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Current smoker | 1.65 [0.92, 2.96] | 1.65 [0.92, 2.96] | 1.61 [0.90, 2.90] | 1.64 [0.91, 2.94] | 1.62 [0.90, 2.91] | 1.65 [0.92, 2.96] | 1.58 [0.88, 2.83] |
 Non smoker | 1.29 [0.81, 2.05] | 1.29 [0.81, 2.04] | 1.25 [0.79, 1.99] | 1.31 [0.82, 2.07] | 1.30 [0.82, 2.06] | 1.27 [0.80, 2.01] | 1.26[0.79, 2.00] |
Any pre-existing condition | |||||||
 No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Yes | 0.97 [0.72, 1.30] | 0.97 [0.72, 1.30] | 0.95 [0.71, 1.28] | 0.97 [0.72, 1.31] | 0.93[0.69, 1.26] | 0.95[0.71, 1.28] | 0.96 [0.71, 1.29] |
Previous vaccine as a child | |||||||
 No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
 Yes | 0.82 [0.66, 1.03] | 0.82[0.66, 1.03] | 0.82 [0.65, 1.02] | 0.84 [0.67, 1.05] | 0.82 [0.65, 1.03] | 0.81 [0.64, 1.01] | 0.82 [0.65, 1.03] |