Table 2 Caregiver characteristics at baseline and endline, by study arm
|  | Baseline (n = 1004) | Endline (n = 1004) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RM only (n = 484) | RMV-ECD (n = 520) | p-value | RM only (n = 484) | RMV-ECD (n = 520) | p-value | ||
N (%) or other, specified | Â | N (%) or other, specified | Â | ||||
Caregiver’s index child age in months | Median (IQR) | 12 (6, 16) | 11 (6, 19) | 0.299 | 26 (20, 31) | 26 (21, 34) | 0.132 |
Any under-5 years child in household had injury requiring medical care in past year | No | 413 (85.3) | 455 (87.5) | 0.316 | 368 (76.0) | 418 (80.7) | 0.073 |
Yes | 71 (14.7) | 65 (12.5) | Â | 116 (24.0) | 100 (19.3) | ||
Child has had expected number of under-5 clinic visits since birth | No | 347 (71.7) | 338 (65.0) | 0.023 | 294 (60.7) | 251 (48.3) | <.0001 |
Yes | 137 (28.3) | 182 (35.0) | Â | 190 (39.3) | 269 (51.7) | ||
Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (36 items, possible range 36–180) | Median (IQR) | 72 (59, 86) | 70 (57, 86) | 0.486 | 72 (62, 83) | 71 (59, 82) | 0.135 |
PSI sub-scales (12 items each; possible range 12–60) | Parental distress | 28 (22, 36) | 28 (21, 36) | 0.837 | 26 (21, 32) | 26 (21, 31) | 0.468 |
Dysfunction | 19 (14, 23) | 19 (14, 24) | 0.770 | 21 (16, 24) | 20 (16, 23) | 0.200 | |
Difficult Child | 24 (19, 29) | 23 (18, 29) | 0.064 | 25 (21, 30) | 25 (20, 29) | 0.060 | |
PSI cutoff: > 90a | No | 392 (81.0) | 415 (79.8) | 0.637 | 396 (84.3) | 432 (88.3) | 0.065 |
Yes | 92 (19.0) | 105 (20.2) | Â | 74 (15.7) | 57 (11.7) | ||
PHQ Depressive symptoms | None (< 5) | 355 (69.2) | 335 (64.4) | 0.108 | 312 (64.5) | 306 (58.9) | 0.184 |
Mild (5–9) | 109 (22.5) | 149 (28.7) |  | 139 (28.7) | 172 (33.1) | ||
Moderate (10–14) | 29 (6.0) | 29 (5.6) |  | 22 (4.5) | 25 (6.7) | ||
Moderate/severe (15–19) | 6 (1.2) | 6 (1.1) |  | 7 (1.5) | 4 (0.8) | ||
Severe (20+) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | Â | 4 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | ||
GAD-7 Anxiety symptoms | None (< 5) | 383 (79.1) | 403 (77.5) | 0.771 | 379 (78.3) | 363 (69.8) | 0.002 |
Mild (5–9) | 84 (17.4) | 100 (19.2) |  | 84 (17.3) | 141 (27.1) | ||
Moderate (10–14) | 10 (2.1) | 12 (2.3) |  | 17 (3.5) | 12 (2.3) | ||
Severe (15+) | 7 (1.4) | 5 (1.0) | Â | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | ||
Discipline subscalesb (mean, SD) | Psychological (2 items) | 0.31 (0.38) | 0.31 (0.35) | 0.687 | 0.48 (0.36) | 0.37 (0.34) | <.0001 |
Physical (4 items) | 0.24 (0.27) | 0.24 (0.29) | 0.743 | 0.43 (0.31) | 0.34 (0.32) | <.0001 | |
Severe physical (2 (items) | 0.02 (0.11) | 0.03 (0.12) | 0.509 | 0.07 (0.21) | 0.08 (0.22) | 0.941 | |
Non-violent discipline (3 items) | 0.48 (0.38) | 0.46 (0.39) | 0.372 | 0.77 (0.28) | 0.71 (0.30) | 0.002 | |