Association between sedentary behavior and chronic kidney disease in Korean adults

Jang, Ye Seul; Park, Yu Shin; Kim, Hyunkyu; Hurh, Kyungduk; Park, Eun-Cheol; Jang, Suk-Yong

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14929-5

BMC Public Health

Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

From: Association between sedentary behavior and chronic kidney disease in Korean adults

Variables	Chronic Kidney Disease
	Male							Female
	Total		No		Yes		*p-value*	Total		No		Yes		*p-value*
	N	%	N	%	N	%	*p-value*	N	%	N	%	N	%	*p-value*
Total ( N = 9,534)	4,491	100.0	3,910	87.1	581	12.9		5,043	100.0	4,568	90.6	475	9.4
Sedentary Behavior^a							0.124							0.004
1st	1,107	24.6	944	85.3	163	14.7		1,326	26.3	1,224	92.3	102	7.7
2nd	1,216	27.1	1,054	86.7	162	13.3		1,327	26.3	1,199	90.4	128	9.6
3rd	1,073	23.9	947	88.3	126	11.7		1,274	25.3	1,162	91.2	112	8.8
4th	1,095	24.4	965	88.1	130	11.9		1,116	22.1	983	88.1	133	11.9
Physical exercise(METS)							0.001							< .0001
Low	2,111	47.0	1,801	85.3	310	14.7		2,718	53.9	2,418	89.0	300	11.0
Moderate	1,748	38.9	1,534	87.8	214	12.2		1,957	38.8	1,797	91.8	160	8.2
High	632	14.1	575	91.0	57	9.0		368	7.3	353	95.9	15	4.1
Age							< .0001							< .0001
19–29	688	15.3	663	96.4	25	3.6		547	10.8	527	96.3	20	3.7
30–39	659	14.7	630	95.6	29	4.4		654	13.0	626	95.7	28	4.3
40–49	779	17.3	705	90.5	74	9.5		879	17.4	835	95.0	44	5.0
50–59	839	18.7	723	86.2	116	13.8		1,094	21.7	1,015	92.8	79	7.2
60–69	811	18.1	663	81.8	148	18.2		1,048	20.8	928	88.5	120	11.5
70 ≤	715	15.9	526	73.6	189	26.4		821	16.3	637	77.6	184	22.4
Income							< .0001							< .0001
Low	667	14.9	501	75.1	166	24.9		969	19.2	806	83.2	163	16.8
Middle	2,340	52.1	2,054	87.8	286	12.2		2,598	51.5	2,380	91.6	218	8.4
High	1,484	33.0	1,355	91.3	129	8.7		1,476	29.3	1,382	93.6	94	6.4
School							< .0001							< .0001
Under middle school	905	20.2	690	76.2	215	23.8		1,625	32.2	1,349	83.0	276	17.0
High school	1,673	37.3	1,475	88.2	198	11.8		1,653	32.8	1,535	92.9	118	7.1
University and over	1,913	42.6	1,745	91.2	168	8.8		1,765	35.0	1,684	95.4	81	4.6
Region							0.645							0.001
Urban	1,980	44.1	1,729	87.3	251	12.7		2,317	45.9	2,134	92.1	183	7.9
Rural	2,511	55.9	2,181	86.9	330	13.1		2,726	54.1	2,434	89.3	292	10.7
Job							< .0001							< .0001
White collar	1,303	29.0	1,206	92.6	97	7.4		1,109	22.0	1,056	95.2	53	4.8
Pink collar	480	10.7	429	89.4	51	10.6		776	15.4	716	92.3	60	7.7
Blue collar	1,456	32.4	1,239	85.1	217	14.9		771	15.3	684	88.7	87	11.3
unemployed	1,252	27.9	1,036	82.7	216	17.3		2,387	47.3	2,112	88.5	275	11.5
Smoking							0.041							0.136
Yes^b	1,397	31.1	1,195	85.5	202	14.5		252	5.0	235	93.3	17	6.7
No	3,094	68.9	2,715	87.8	379	12.2		4,791	95.0	4,333	90.4	458	9.6
Drinking							0.038							< .0001
Yes	3,715	82.7	3,252	87.5	463	12.5		3,187	63.2	2,953	92.7	234	7.3
No^c	776	17.3	658	84.8	118	15.2		1,856	36.8	1,615	87.0	241	13.0
BMI							0.001							< .0001
Underweight	104	2.3	93	89.4	11	10.6		233	4.6	225	96.6	8	3.4
Normal	2,429	54.1	2,155	88.7	274	11.3		3,259	64.6	3,000	92.1	259	7.9
Overweight	1,958	43.6	1,662	84.9	296	15.1		1,551	30.8	1,343	86.6	208	13.4
Hypertension							< .0001							< .0001
No	1,517	33.8	1,445	95.3	72	4.7		2,398	47.6	2,309	96.3	89	3.7
Pre-Hypertension	1,423	31.7	1,280	90.0	143	10.0		1,107	22.0	1,016	91.8	91	8.2
Hypertension	1,551	34.5	1,185	76.4	366	23.6		1,538	30.5	1,243	80.8	295	19.2
Diabetes							< .0001							< .0001
No	1,787	39.8	1,691	94.6	96	5.4		2,293	45.5	2,177	94.9	116	5.1
Pre-Diabetes	1,931	43.0	1,702	88.1	229	11.9		2,078	41.2	1,883	90.6	195	9.4
Diabetes	773	17.2	517	66.9	256	33.1		672	13.3	508	75.6	164	24.4

^aUsing by Quartile = 1st: < 6 h,2nd: 6–8.9 h, 3rd: 9–11.9 h, 4th:12 h ≤
^beGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or UACR of ≥ 17 mg/g for men or 25 ≥ mg/g for women
^cCurrent smoker
^dNot drinking at all in the last year, no lifetime experience

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