Table 3 Conditional process analysis of the proposed moderated mediation model

Model 1

Outcome: Risk perception

 Gender

-.035***

-0.233 (0.046)

-5.099

-0.323

-0.144

 Age

-.007

-0.002 (0.002)

-0.983

-0.007

0.002

 Education

.036***

0.108 (0.020)

5.332

0.068

0.147

 Infection cues

.292***

2.116 (0.050)

42.167

2.018

2.214

 Perceived efficacy

.026***

0.054 (0.005)

11.133

0.044

0.063

 Infection cues × Perceived efficacy

.098***

0.130 (0.011)

12.155

0.109

0.151

Conditional indirect effect 1

 M – 1 SD

.023

0.097 (0.007)

0.084

0.112

 M

.035

0.135 (0.009)

0.118

0.153

 M + 1 SD

.046

0.173 (0.012)

0.150

0.197

Model 2

Outcome: Negative emotions

 Gender

-.043***

-0.472 (0.076)

-6.238

-0.520

-0.324

 Age

.040***

0.022 (0.004)

5.572

0.014

0.030

 Education

.036**

0.176 (0.033)

5.289

0.111

0.242

 Infection cues

.287***

3.430 (0.083)

41.340

3.267

3.593

 Perceived efficacy

-.044

0.012 (0.008)

1.490

-0.004

0.028

 Infection cues × Perceived efficacy

.106***

0.232 (0.018)

13.100

0.197

0.266

Conditional indirect effect 2

 M – 1 SD

.023

0.097 (0.007)

0.083

0.111

 M

.036

0.140 (0.009)

0.122

0.159

 M + 1 SD

.050

0.183 (0.013)

0.160

0.209

Model 3

Outcome: Preventive behaviors

 Gender

.014**

0.051 (0.023)

2.217

0.006

0.096

 Age

.002

0.000 (0.001)

0.365

-0.002

0.003

 Education

.018**

0.029 (0.010)

2.900

0.010

0.049

 Infection cues

.036***

0.141 (0.027)

5.317

0.089

0.193

 Risk perception

.119***

0.064 (0.004)

16.585

0.056

0.072

 Negative emotions

.126***

0.041 (0.002)

17.514

0.036

0.045

 Perceived efficacy

.387***

0.150 (0.002)

61.801

0.145

0.155

 Infection cues × Perceived efficacy

.019*

0.013 (0.005)

2.464

0.003

0.024

Conditional direct effect

 M – 1 SD

.017

0.081 (0.033)

0.016

0.146

 M

.036

0.141 (0.027)

0.089

0.193

 M + 1 SD

.055

0.202 (0.039)

0.125

0.278