Table 2 Baseline characteristics of different dietary patterns in T2DM

Gender[n(%)]

110.46

 < 0.001

 Men

355(25.2%)

2183(39.8%)

1085(40.0%)

 Women

1054(74.8%)

3296(60.2%)

1629(60.0%)

 BMI(kg/m²)

25.69 ± 3.86

25.89 ± 3.60

26.04 ± 3.49

4.34

0.013

 Age(x ± s)

63.59 ± 9.69

61.57 ± 9.84

60.56 ± 10.63

11.68

 < 0.001

 FPG(mmol/L)

9.02 ± 4.25

8.98 ± 4.28

8.58 ± 3.76

9.57

 < 0.001

 HbA1c(mmol/L)

7.90 ± 2.10

7.80 ± 2.00

7.70 ± 2.00

7.72

 < 0.001

Literacy[n(%)]

490.10

 < 0.001

 No formal education

789(56.4%)

2356(43.3%)

805(29.8%)

 Primary school

391(27.9%)

1616(29.7%)

685(25.4%)

 Junior high school

159(11.4%)

1052(19.3%)

659(24.4%)

 High school and above

61(4.4%)

417(7.7%)

549(20.3%)

Marital condition[n(%)]

50.67

 < 0.001

 Married

1138(81.5%)

4661(85.7%)

2409(89.4%)

 Unmarried

259(18.5%)

775(14.3%)

285(10.6%)

Family income ([n(%)],Ten thousand Yuan)

224.80

 < 0.001

 < 10,000 yuan

458(32.7%)

1426(26.2%)

462(17.2%)

 1–30,000 yuan

527(37.6%)

2092(38.4%)

937(34.8%)

 3–100,000 yuan

378(27.0%)

1770(32.5%)

1131(42.0%)

  > 100,000 yuan

39(2.8%)

154(2.8%)

163(6.1%)

Drinking[n(%)]

81.31

 < 0.001

 Yes

123(8.7%)

980(17.9%)

522(19.2%)

 No

1286(91.3%)

4495(82.1%)

2191(80.8%)

Smoking[n(%)]

21.62

 < 0.001

 Yes

383(27.2%)

1714(31.3%)

727(26.8%)

 No

1026(72.8%)

3765(68.7%)

1987(73.2%)

Course of disease[n(%)]

30.96

 < 0.001

 Less than 2 years

424(30.1%)

1704(31.1%)

723(26.6%)

 2–4 years

417(29.6%)

1601(29.2%)

757(27.9%)

 5 to 9 years

298(21.1%)

1241(22.7%)

664(24.5%)

 10 years or more

270(19.2%)

933(17.0%)

570(21.0%)

Hypertension[n(%)]

30.89

 < 0.001

 No

362(25.7%)

1525(27.9%)

893(33.0%)

 Yes

1044(74.3%)

3938(72.1%)

1817(67.0%)

Coronary heart disease ([n(%)],year)

4.45

0.108

 Yes

158(11.2%)

535(9.8%)

303(11.2%)

 No

1165(82.7%)

4663(85.1%)

2286(84.2%)

 Unclear

86(6.1%)

281(5.1%)

125(4.6%)

Stroke[n(%)]

21.64

 < 0.001

 Yes

236(16.7%)

696(12.7%)

327(12.0%)

 No

1143(81.1%)

4601(84%)

2320(85.5%)

 Unclear

30(2.1%)

182(3.3%)

67(2.5%)

Oral hypoglycemic drugs

[n(%)]

37.67

 < 0.001

 Yes

980(70.4%)

3669(67.3%)

1670(61.8%)

 No

413(29.6%)

1780(32.7%)

1034(38.2%)

Insulin therapy[n(%)]

0.11

0.949

 Yes

162(11.6%)

618(11.3%)

306(11.3%)

 No

1231(88.4%)

4831(88.7%)

2398(88.7%)

 HDL-C(mmol/L)

1.50 ± 0.50

1.48 ± 0.48

1.45 ± 0.44

6.58

0.001

 LDL-C(mmol/L)

3.35 ± 1.14

3.34 ± 1.14

3.36 ± 1.08

0.16

0.848

 TC(mmol/L)

5.42 ± 1.47

5.37 ± 1.43

5.32 ± 1.36

2.84

0.058

 TG(mmol/L)

2.08 ± 1.81

2.03 ± 1.64

1.93 ± 1.61

4.58

0.010