Table 1 Characteristics of the study population according to sex, test results, and follow-up time (n = 10,194)
From: Long-term self-reported health and disability after COVID-19 in public employees
Participants | Negative PCR | Positive PCR 4–12 weeks | Positive PCR > 12 weeks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women n = 6181 | Men n = 1004 | Women n = 1248 | Men n = 177 | Women n = 1320 | Men n = 264 | |
Time from PCR test to questionnaire, months | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.1 (2.5) | 2.1 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 6.8 (2.9) | 6.6 (2.8) |
Age, years | 45.2 (12.1) | 43.7 (11.9) | 44.7 (11.8) | 42.9 (11.6) | 44.7 (12.4) | 43.8 (12.2) |
BMI | 26.2 (5.2) * | 26.6 (4.4) | 26.8 (5.3) | 26.5 (4.0) | 26.4 (5.3) | 25.4 (4.5) |
Nicotine use, yes, % | ||||||
Smoking | 631 (10.2) | 78 (7.8) | 102 (8.2) | 10 (5.6) | 89 (6.7) | 8 (3.0) |
Snuff | 584 (9.4) | 241 (24.0) | 132 (10.6) | 46 (26.0) | 132 (10.0) | 74 (28.0) |
Other tobacco free nicotine | 192 (3.1) | 17 (1.7) | 43 (3.4) | 1 (0.6) | 33 (2.5) | 3 (1.1) |
Number of PCR tests | 2.3 (1.11) | 2.1 (1.07) | 2.7 (1.02) | 2.5 (1.02) | 2.1 (1.07) | 1.9 (1.04) |
Ill at the time of PCR test, % | ||||||
No symptoms | 810 (13.1) | 167 (16.6) | 103 (8.3) | 13 (7.3) | 57 (4.3) | 10 (3.8) |
Mild symptoms (not bedridden) | 4172 (67.5) | 691 (68.8) | 431 (34.5) | 76 (42.9) | 441 (33.4) | 103 (39) |
Bedridden (at least 4 h/day) | 1147 (18.6) | 141 (14) | 668 (53.5) | 85 (48) | 765 (58) | 139 (52.7) |
Needed care | 52 (0.8) | 5 (0.5) | 38 (3.0) | 2 (1.1) | 49 (3.7) | 7 (2.7) |
Hospitalized | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (0.6) | 5 (1.9) |
Self-reported illness prior to COVID-19 test, yes, % | 3102 (50.2) | 451 (44.9) | 637 (51.0) | 76 (42.9) | 612 (46.4) | 111 (42.0) |
Asthma | 646 (10.5) | 82 (8.2) | 141 (11.3) | 16 (9.0) | 133 (10.1) | 19 (7.2) |
Allergy | 1350 (21.8) | 201 (20.0) | 288 (23.1) | 41 (23.2) | 274 (20.8) | 52 (19.7) |
Diabetes type I | 60 (1.0) | 19 (1.9) | 7 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 14 (1.1) | 5 (1.9) |
Diabetes type II | 109 (1.8) | 21 (2.1) | 26 (2.1) | 3 (1.7) | 26 (2.0) | 6 (2.3) |
Hypertension | 678 (11.0) | 132 (13.1) | 127 (10.20) | 24 (13.6) | 131 (9.9) | 36 (13.6) |
Other cardiovascular disease | 138 (2.2) | 38 (3.8) | 26 (2.1) | 4 (2.3) | 26 (2.0) | 9 (3.4) |
Mental disorder | 974 (15.8) | 130 (12.9) | 213 (17.1) | 12 (6.8) | 160 (12.1) | 21 (8.0) |
Thyroid illness | 473 (7.7) | 19 (1.9) | 107 (8.6) | 2 (1.1) | 97 (7.3) | 6 (2.3) |
Other autoimmune disease | 453 (7.3) | 49 (4.9) | 76 (6.1) | 12 (6.8) | 85 (6.4) | 11 (4.2) |
Occupation, % ** | ||||||
Manager | 375 (6.1) | 86 (8.6) | 47 (3.8) | 15 (8.5) | 70 (5.3) | 16 (6.1) |
Health care professional requiring college education | 1602 (25.9) | 304 (30.3) | 320 (25.6) | 55 (31.1) | 434 (32.9) | 101 (38.3) |
Care worker | 2243 (36.3) | 259 (25.8) | 620 (49.7) | 58 (32.8) | 580 (43.9) | 70 (26.5) |
Other profession requiring college education | 1559 (25.2) | 215 (21.4) | 216 (17.3) | 26 (14.7) | 176 (13.3) | 46 (17.4) |
Other | 390 (6.3) | 132 (13.1) | 44 (3.5) | 23 (13.0) | 57 (4.3) | 28 (10.6) |
Unknown | 12 (0.2) | 8 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (1.1) |
Place of residence, % | ||||||
Urban areas of Gothenburg | 5095 (82.4) | 877 (87.4) | 1037 (83.0) | 157 (88.7) | 1121 (84.9) | 232 (87.9) |
Rural | 1031 (16.7) | 108 (10.8) | 208 (16.7) | 20 (11.3) | 186 (14.1) | 27 (10.2) |
Other parts of Sweden or unknown | 55 (0.9) | 19 (1.9) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.0) | 5 (1.9) |
Total score of WHODAS, points | 1 [0, 4] | 0 [0, 4] | 4 [1, 10] | 1 [0, 5] | 2 [0, 6] | 1 [0, 5] |