Inequalities in mortality associated with housing conditions in Belgium between 1991 and 2020

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Trends in mortality inequalities according to housing deprivation deciles

	1991–2000¹	2001–2010	2011–2020	Change (%)⁴
Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years and 95% CI⁵
Male
Most deprived²	1,649 [1634–1664]	1,495 [1484–1506]	1,243 [1231–1254]	− 24.62
Least deprived³	1,193 [1181–1207]	923 [911–935]	826 [815–837]	− 30.76
Difference	456	572	417	− 8.55
Female
Most deprived	1,402 [1389–1415]	1,271 [1262–1281]	1,140 [1130–1150]	− 18.69
Least deprived	1,156 [1144–1170]	1,027 [1013–1041]	863 [851–875]	− 25.34
Difference	246	244	277	12.60
Gini coefficient
Male	0.05 [0.03–0.08]	0.08 [0.06–0.12]	0.07 [0.05–0.10]
Female	0.03 [0.02–0.05]	0.04 [0.03–0.05]	0.04 [0.03–0.07]
Mortality associated with housing inequality (%)
Male	21.0 [20.12–21.85]	26.5 [25.13–27.99]	19.4 [18.33–20.47]	-7.6
Female	12.6 [11.61–13.51]	11.27 [9.48–13.02]	15.5 [14.47–16.75]	23.2
Mean number of Potential Years of Life Lost associated with housing inequality⁶
Male	1.50	1.58	0.92	− 38.7
Female	0.61	0.69	0.46	− 24.6

Mortality is adjusted to the Belgian population structure in 2019
¹ Housing deprivation index 1991 applied for the period 1991–2000, index 2001 for 2001–2010, and index 2011 for 2011–2020
² Most deprived refers to the most deprived decile of the housing deprivation indices for 1991, 2001, 2011
³ Least deprived refers to the least deprived decile of the housing deprivation indices for 1991, 2001, 2011
⁴ Change in mortality between 1991–2000 and 2011–2020
⁵ ASMRs calculated for the whole population of Belgium with an open-ended 95 + group
⁶ PYLLs associated with housing inequality were calculated for the population younger than 75 years

ISSN: 1471-2458