Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

Gender (n, %)

  Male

24,817 (55.3)

22,648 (54.0)

2,169 (74.5)

  Female

20,035 (44.7)

19,292 (46.0)

743 (25.5)

Age, years (n, %)

   < 30

15,067 (33.6)

14,866 (35.4)

201 (6.9)

  30–39

11,440 (25.5)

10,949 (26.1)

491 (16.9)

  40–49

9,648 (21.5)

8,731 (20.8)

917 (31.5)

  50–59

6,631 (14.8)

5,737 (13.7)

894 (30.7)

   ≥ 60

2,066 (4.6)

1,657 (4.0)

409(14.0)

Employment status

  Employed

39,812 (88.8))

37,580 (89.6)

2,232 (76.6)

  Retired

5,040 (11.2)

4,360 (10.4)

680 (23.4)

BMI status (n, %)

  Underweight

2,093 (4.7)

2,084 (5.0)

9 (0.3)

  Normal

21,628 (48.2)

21,063 (50.2)

565 (19.4)

  Overweight

15,258 (34.0)

13,931 (33.2)

1,327 (45.6)

  Obesity

5,873 (13.1)

4,862 (11.6)

1.011 (34.7)

FPG, mmol/L (n, %)

   < 5.6

37,789 (84.3)

37,240 (88.8)

549 (18.9)

  5.6–6.1

3,381 (7.5)

2,632 (6.3)

749 (25.7)

  6.1–7.0

3,682 (8.2)

2,068 (4.9)

1,614 (55.4)

Hypertension (n, %)

  No

41,600 (92.7)

39,271 (93.6)

2,329 (80.0)

  Yes

3,252 (7.3)

2,669 (6.4)

583 (20.0)

Dyslipidaemia (n, %)

  No

33,355 (74.4)

31,903 (76.1)

1,452 (49.9)

  Yes

11,497 (25.6)

10,037 (23.9)

1,460 (50.1)

Hyperuricemia (n, %)

  No

38.995 (86.9)

36,762 (87.7)

2,233 (76.7)

  Yes

5,857 (13.1)

5,178 (12.3)

679 (23.3)

sCr, μmol/L (n, %)

   < 57.2

11,178 (24.9)

10,723(25.6)

455(15.6)

  57.2–68.1

11,274 (25.1)

10,571(25.2)

703(24.1)

  68.2–78.9

11,246 (25.1)

10,397(24.8)

849(29.2)

   > 78.9

11,154 (24.9)

10,249(24.4)

905(31.1)

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m² (n, %)

   ≥ 90

33,670 (75.1)

31,786 (75.8)

1,884 (64.7)

   < 90

11,182 (24.9)

10,154 (24.2)

1,028 (35.3)