Table 1 Definitions of key variables
Variables | Definitions |
|---|---|
Outcome | |
 COVID-19 fatality | The cumulative COVID-19 deaths divided by the cumulative COVID-19 cases up to a time period |
County-level predictors | |
 Demographic characteristics | |
  Concentrated disadvantage | For counties with high percentages of residents of low socioeconomic status (welfare receipt, poverty, unemployment, uneducated, female-headed households) |
  Place connectivity | The total PCI value of the county |
  Spatially lagged fatality | The average fatality in the surrounding counties |
  Population density (per square miles) | The rate of total population to land area in the county |
  % of population aged 65 + | Proportion of population aged 65 + to total population |
  % of no health insurance coverage | Proportion of population with no health insurance coverage to total population |
  % of black or African Americans | Proportion of population of black or African descent to total population |
  % of workers 16 years and over who commute by public transportation | Proportion of population of workers 16 years and over who commute by public transportation |
  ICU bed per 100,000 people | The rate of ICU beds to total population in the county multiplied by 100,000 |
Core-based statistical area (CBSA) | |
 No-CBSA | 0 |
 Micropolitan statistical area | 1 |
 Metropolitan statistical area | 2 |
 Region |  |
 Northeast | 0 |
 Midwest | 1 |
 South | 2 |
 West | 3 |