Table 4 Estimates of buying sex among EMIS–2017 MSM participants in Sweden (multivariable regression model)

AOR (95% CI)

Age (ref: ≥ 65)

1.00 (reference)

 < 20

(empty)

(empty)

(empty)

(empty)

(empty)

(empty)

20–24

0.05 (0.02–0.14)*

0.01 (0.01–0.10)*

0.30 (0.05–1.69)

0.13 (0.05–0.33)*

0.04 (0.01–0.27)*

0.60 (0.07–4.76)

25–29

0.06 (0.03–0.13)*

0.04 (0.01–0.10)*

0.18 (0.03–0.99)*

0.10 (0.04–0.25)*

0.07 (0.02–0.23)*

0.17 (0.02–1.52)

30–34

0.15 (0.08–0.27)*

0.11 (0.05–0.22)*

0.34 (0.08–1.41)

0.21 (0.10–0.43)*

0.16 (0.07–0.39)*

0.31 (0.05–2.05)

35–39

0.35 (0.22–0.54)*

0.24 (0.14–0.40)*

1.14 (0.30–4.25)

0.47 (0.27–0.82)*

0.39 (0.21–0.72)*

0.74 (0.12–4.41)

40–44

0.40 (0.26–0.61)*

0.37 (0.23–0.58)*

0.74 (0.18–2.97)

0.63 (0.37–1.04)

0.62 (0.36–1.05)

0.71 (0.11–4.64)

45–49

0.54 (0.36–0.80)*

0.54 (0.35–0.82)*

0.50 (0.11–2.16)

0.80 (0.49–1.29)

0.77 (0.46–1.29)

0.68 (0.10–4.44)

50–54

0.49 (0.33–0.72)*

0.44 (0.29–1.22)*

0.89 (0.20–3.85)

0.74 (0.46–1.18)

0.68 (0.41–1.11)

1.34 (0.20–8.79)

55–59

0.64 (0.43–0.94)*

0.54 (0.35–0.82)*

2.21 (0.58–8.44)

0.71 (0.43–1.18)

0.64 (0.38–1.09)

1.81 (0.27–11.86)

60–64

0.72 (0.48–1.09)

0.68 (0.44–1.06)

1.72 (0.39–7.47)

0.75 (0.43–1.28)

0.65 (0.37–1.16)

3.51 (0.52–23.43)

Country of birth (ref: Sweden)

1.00 (reference)

Foreign-born

1.20 (0.89–1.63)

-

-

1.13 (0.78–1.64)

-

-

Sexual orientation (ref: Gay or homosexual)

1.00 (reference)

Bisexual

0.65 (0.44–0.96)*

0.65 (0.42–0.99)*

0.69 (0.23–2.05)

0.92 (0.58–1.47)

0.93 (0.56–1.53)

1.06 (0.29–3.87)

Straight or heterosexual

0.57 (0.16–2.00)

0.74 (0.21–2.62)

(empty)

0.31 (0.04–2.41)

0.40 (0.05–3.13)

(empty)

Any other term

0.32 (0.07–1.36)

0.21 (0.03–1.58)

0.77 (0.09–6.77)

0.60 (0.14–2.57)

0.41 (0.05–3.10)

1.50 (0.15–14.88)

I do not usually use a term

0.72 (0.38–1.35)

0.54 (0.24–1.21)

1.08 (0.34–3.44)

0.85 (0.39–1.83)

0.72 (0.28–1.85)

1.08 (0.24–4.74)

Education (ref: Low level)

1.00 (reference)

Mid-level (at least upper secondary; 2–5 years spent in full-time education since the age of 16 years)

1.41 (0.86–2.30)

1.40 (0.83–2.35)

1.60 (0.32–7.90)

1.40 (0.75–2.62)

1.37 (0.71–2.65)

1.54 (0.17–13.74)

High-level

(first stage tertiary education/more)

1.70 (1.04–2.78)*

1.60 (0.95–2.70)

2.08 (0.45–9.69)

1.89 (1.01–3.52)*

1.75 (0.90–3.38)

2.06 (0.24–17.02)

Living on present income (ref: Living really comfortably)

1.00 (reference)

Living comfortably

0.83 (0.62–1.08)

0.80 (0.59–1.07)

0.82 (0.38–1.76)

0.67 (0.48–0.92)*

0.63 (0.45–0.90)*

0.82 (0.32–2.08)

Neither comfortable nor struggling

0.77 (0.55–1.06)

0.72 (0.49–1.04)

0.90 (0.41–2.01)

0.53 (0.35–0.80)*

0.51 (0.32–0.80)*

0.57 (0.20–1.63)

Struggling

1.22 (0.81–1.83)

1.30 (0.83–2.01)

0.91 (0.28–2.87)

0.72 (0.43–1.21)

0.72 (0.41–1.26)

0.74 (0.17–3.16)

Really struggling

1.35 (0.84–2.17)

1.39 (0.81–2.35)

1.32 (0.40–4.37)

1.03 (0.59–1.81)

0.99 (0.52–1.84)

1.62 (0.41–6.39)

Length of stay in Sweden

1.00 (reference)

-

-

0.98 (0.95–0.99)*

-

-

0.96 (0.93–0.99)*

Reason for migration (ref: Refugees and asylum seekers)

1.00 (reference)

Migrated to live openly as a gay/bisexual/trans

-

-

0.94 (0.31–2.80)

-

-

1.43 (0.36–5.60)

Other

-

-

0.86 (0.37–2.01)

-

-

1.16 (0.38–3.42)

People who knew about attraction to men (Outness) (ref: All or almost all)

1.00 (reference)

More than half

0.96 (0.68–1.35)

0.83 (0.56–1.22)

1.45 (0.66–3.14)

0.96 (0.64–1.46)

0.82 (0.50–1.32)

1.66 (0.64–4.28)

Less than half

0.69 (0.45–1.04)

0.69 (0.49–1.09)

0.44 (0.12–1.59)

0.63 (0.36–1.07)

0.68 (0.39–1.19)

0.19 (0.03–1.61)

Few

0.78 (0.55–1.10)

0.71 (0.48–1.05)

0.78 (0.31–1.96)

0.73 (0.47–1.12)

0.72 (0.45–1.16)

0.45 (0.13–1.54)

None

0.52 (0.31–0.87)*

0.43 (0.24–0.75)*

1.09 (0.30–3.98)

0.57 (0.31–1.04)

0.50 (0.25–0.96)*

0.91 (0.20–4.06)

Having a steady partner (current partner) (ref: Yes, I have a steady partner)

1.00 (reference)

No, and not sure

1.27 (1.00–1.59)*

1.36 (1.06–1.75)*

1.08 (0.61–2.02)

1.38 (1.04–1.83)*

1.44 (1.06–1.96)*

1.30 (0.60–2.79)

Sex with a woman in the previous 12 months (ref: No)

1.00 (reference)

Yes

1.18 (0.77–1.80)

1.18 (0.73–1.89)

1.62 (0.54–4.83)

1.18 (0.72–1.94)

1.08 (0.62–1.87)

3.21 (0.92–11.24)