Table 2 Descriptive and bivariate analysis of demographic characteristics and selected variables, stratified by selling and buying sex (n = 3775 Swedish-born MSM, n = 656 foreign-born MSM)
From: Prevalence and risk factors for transactional sex among Swedish-born and foreign-born MSM in Sweden
Characteristics | Swedish-born MSM n (%) | Foreign-born MSM n (%) | Selling sex | Buying sex | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never n (%) | Ever n (%) | Never n (%) | Ever n (%) | Never n (%) | Ever n (%) | Never n (%) | Ever n (%) | |||
Swedish-born MSM | Foreign-born MSM | Swedish-born MSM | Foreign-born MSM | |||||||
Age | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ||||||
<20 | 101 (2.7) | 10 (1.5) | 53 (64.6) | 29 (35.4) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 82 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
20–24 | 238 (6.3) | 52 (7.9) | 180 (79.3) | 47 (20.7) | 39 (79.6) | 10 (20.4) | 225 (99.1) | 2 (0.9) | 46 (93.9) | 3 (6.1) |
25–29 | 353 (9.4) | 73 (11.1) | 256 (75.7) | 82 (24.3) | 52 (73.2) | 19 (26.8) | 330 (98.2) | 6 (1.8) | 68 (95.8) | 3 (4.2) |
30–34 | 290 (7.7) | 102 (15.6) | 234 (82.7) | 49 (17.3) | 78 (80.4) | 19 (19.6) | 274 (96.8) | 9 (3.2) | 89 (90.8) | 9 (9.2) |
35–39 | 342 (9.1) | 77 (11.7) | 281 (84.9) | 50 (15.1) | 57 (77.0) | 17 (23.0) | 307 (92.7) | 24 (7.3) | 60 (81.1) | 14 (18.9) |
40–44 | 375 (9.9) | 75 (11.4) | 323 (87.5) | 46 (12.5) | 58 (79.4) | 15 (20.6) | 330 (89.7) | 38 (10.3) | 65 (89.0) | 8 (11.0) |
45–49 | 382 (10.1) | 68 (10.4) | 338 (89.9) | 38 (10.1) | 60 (89.5) | 7 (10.5) | 316 (84.5) | 58 (15.5) | 59 (88.1) | 8 (11.9) |
50–54 | 501 (13.3) | 51 (7.8) | 446 (90.6) | 46 (9.3) | 44 (93.6) | 3 (6.4) | 437 (89.2) | 53 (10.8) | 42 (89.4) | 5 (10.6) |
55–59 | 419 (11.1) | 53 (8.1) | 389 (94.4) | 23 (5.6) | 48 (94.1) | 3 (5.9) | 354 (85.9) | 58 (14.1) | 40 (78.4) | 11 (21.6) |
60–64 | 324 (8.6) | 38 (5.8) | 288 (91.1) | 28 (8.9) | 35 (94.6) | 2 (5.4) | 258 (81.9) | 57 (18.1) | 32 (86.5) | 5 (13.5) |
≥ 65 | 450 (11.9) | 57 (8.7) | 395 (90.2) | 43 (9.8) | 49 (90.7) | 5 (9.3) | 340 (77.6) | 98 (22.4) | 45 (81.8) | 10 (12.0) |
Total | 3775 (100) | 656 (100) | 3183 (86.9) | 481 (13.1) | 524 (83.3) | 105 (16.7) | 3253 (88.9) | 403 (11.0) | 555 (88.0) | 76 (12.0) |
Country of birth | ||||||||||
Foreign-born | - | 656 (100) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sweden | 3775 (100) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total | 3775 (100) | 656 (100) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Education | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
Low level | 235 (7.2) | 34 (5.8) | 196 (89.1) | 24 (10.9) | 23 (74.2) | 8 (25.8) | 197 (90.4) | 21 (9.6) | 29 (93.5) | 2 (6.5) |
Mid-level (upper secondary at least; 2–5 years spent in full-time education since the age of 16 years) | 1647 (50.6) | 168 (28.6) | 1375 (85.5) | 233 (15.5) | 135 (82.8) | 28 (17.2) | 1451 (90.5) | 152 (9.5) | 150 (91.5) | 14 (8.5) |
High-level (first stage of tertiary education or more) | 1373 (42.2) | 385 (65.6) | 1203 (89.5) | 141 (10.5) | 315 (84.5) | 58 (15.5) | 1179 (87.8) | 163 (12.2) | 318 (85.2) | 55 (14.8) |
Total | 3255 (100) | 587 (100) | 2774 (87.5) | 398 (12.5) | 473 (83.4) | 94 (16.6) | 2827 (89.4) | 336 (10.6) | 497 (87.5) | 71 (12.5) |
Migration due to homophobia | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||||
Refugee and asylum seekers | - | 96 (14.6) | - | - | 73 (88.9) | 13 (15.1) | - | - | 75 (87.2) | 11 (12.8) |
Migrated to live more openly as a gay/bisexual/trans | - | 75 (11.4) | - | - | 56 (76.7) | 17 (23.3) | - | - | 62 (84.9) | 11 (15.1) |
Other | - | 482 (73.5) | - | - | 395 (84.2) | 75 (15.8) | - | - | 417 (88.7) | 53 (11.3) |
Total | - | 653 (100) | - | - | 524 (83.3) | 105 (16.7) | - | - | 554 (88.0) | 75 (12.0) |
Current gender identity | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
Man | 3668 (97.2) | 641 (97.7) | 3102 (87.1) | 459 (12.9) | 511 (83.1) | 104 (16.9) | 3154 (88.8) | 399 (11.2) | 542 (87.8) | 75 (12.2) |
Trans man | 107 (2.8) | 15 (2.3) | 81 (78.6) | 22 (21.4) | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) | 99 (96.1) | 4 (3.9) | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) |
Total | 3775 (100) | 656 (100) | 3183 (86.9) | 481 (13.1) | 524 (83.3) | 105 (16.7) | 3253 (89.0) | 403 (11.0) | 555 (88.0) | 76 (12.0) |
Sexual orientation | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
Gay or homosexual | 2357 (62.5) | 454 (69.5) | 1964 (85.3) | 338 (14.7) | 369 (84.3) | 69 (15.7) | 1991 (86.7) | 306 (13.3) | 387 (88.1) | 52 (11.9) |
Bisexual | 1078 (28.6) | 126 (19.3) | 941 (90.5) | 99 (9.5) | 99 (82.5) | 21 (17.5) | 958 (92.3) | 80 (7.7) | 108 (89.3) | 13 (10.7) |
Straight or heterosexual | 105 (2.8) | 13 (2.0) | 93 (93.0) | 7 (7.0) | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 94 (94.0) | 6 (6.0) | 9 (81.9) | 2 (18.2) |
Any other term | 76 (2.0) | 20 (3.1) | 60 (83.3) | 12 (16.7) | 15 (78.9) | 4 (21.1) | 69 (97.2) | 2 (2.8) | 16 (84.2) | 3 (15.8) |
I do not usually use a term | 157 (4.2) | 40 (6.1) | 123 (83.1) | 25 (16.9) | 28 (73.7) | 10 (26.3) | 139 (93.9) | 9 (6.1) | 33 (86.8) | 5 (13.2) |
Total | 3773 (100) | 653 (100) | 3181 (86.9) | 481 (13.1) | 521 (83.2) | 105 (16.7) | 3251 (89.0) | 403 (11.0) | 553 (88.1) | 75 (11.9) |
People who knew about attraction to men (Outness) | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
All or almost all | 1642 (45.1) | 292 (46.0) | 1352 (83.7) | 263 (16.3) | 236 (83.1) | 48 (16.9) | 1398 (86.8) | 213 (13.2) | 250 (87.7) | 35 (12.3) |
More than half | 451 (12.4) | 99 (15.6) | 371 (84.7) | 67 (15.3) | 76 (77.5) | 22 (22.5) | 386 (88.3) | 51 (11.7) | 83 (84.7) | 15 (15.3) |
Less than half | 309 (8.5) | 67 (10.5) | 260 (87.2) | 38 (12.8) | 57 (87.7) | 8 (12.3) | 266 (89.6) | 31 (10.4) | 62 (95.4) | 3 (4.6) |
Few | 751 (20.6) | 123 (19.3) | 649 (90.1) | 71 (9.9) | 97 (84.3) | 18 (15.7) | 646 (90.0) | 72 (10.0) | 105 (90.5) | 11 (9.5) |
None | 488 (13.4) | 55 (9.3) | 427 (92.8) | 33 (7.2) | 39 (83.0) | 8 (17.0) | 435 (94.6) | 25 (5.4) | 42 (89.4) | 5 (10.6) |
Total | 3641 (100) | 636 (100) | 3059 (86.6) | 472 (13.4) | 505 (82.9) | 104 (17.1) | 3131 (88.9) | 392 (11.1) | 542 (88.7) | 69 (11.3) |
Having a steady partner (current partner) | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
No, and not sure | 2122 (56.3) | 375 (57.3) | 1752 (85.6) | 295 (14.4) | 292 (81.6) | 66 (18.4) | 1807 (88.4) | 237 (11.6) | 320 (88.9) | 40 (11.1) |
Yes, I have a steady partner | 1650 (43.7) | 279 (42.7) | 1428 (88.5) | 186 (11.5) | 230 (86.5) | 39 (14.5) | 1443 (89.7) | 166 (10.3) | 234 (87.0) | 35 (13.0) |
Total | 3772 (100) | 654 (100) | 3180 (86.9) | 481 (13.1) | 522 (83.2) | 105 (16.8) | 3250 (89.0) | 403 (11) | 554 (88.1) | 75 (11.9) |
Number of sex partners in the previous 12 months | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
No sex partners | 573 (15.2) | 86 (13.1) | 450 (91.6) | 41 (8.4) | 61 (89.7) | 7 (10.3) | 445 (90.8) | 45 (9.2) | 64 (94.1) | 4 (5.9) |
One partner | 764 (20.3) | 112 (17.1) | 686 (92.0) | 60 (8.0) | 101 (93.5) | 7 (6.5) | 704 (94.7) | 39 (5.3) | 98 (90.7) | 10 (9.3) |
2–5 partners | 1238 (32.8) | 204 (31.2) | 1097 (89.1) | 134 (10.9) | 175 (87.5) | 25 (12.5) | 1112 (90.5) | 116 (9.5) | 179 (88.6) | 23 (11.4) |
6–10 partners | 557 (14.8) | 93 (14.2) | 478 (86.0) | 78 (14.0) | 75 (80.6) | 18 (19.4) | 491 (88.3) | 65 (11.7) | 78 (83.9) | 15 (16.1) |
More than 10 partners | 641 (17.0) | 160 (24.4) | 472 (73.8) | 168 (25.2) | 112 (70.0) | 48 (30.0) | 501 (78.4) | 138 (21.6) | 136 (85.0) | 24 (15.0) |
Total | 3773 (100) | 655 (100) | 3183 (86.9) | 481 (13.1) | 524 (83.3) | 105 (16.7) | 3253 (89.0) | 403 (11.0) | 555 (88.0) | 76 (12.0) |
Sex with a woman in previous 12 months | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
No | 2972 (79.1) | 557 (85.6) | 2491 (86.2) | 397 (13.8) | 453 (84.4) | 84 (15.6) | 2530 (87.8) | 351 (12.2) | 477 (88.5) | 62 (11.5) |
Yes | 783 (20.9) | 94 (14.4) | 677 (89.1) | 83 (10.9) | 68 (76.4) | 21 (23.6) | 709 (93.4) | 50 (6.6) | 75 (84.3) | 14 (15.7) |
Total | 3755 (100) | 651 (100) | 3168 (86.9) | 480 (13.2) | 521 (83.2) | 105 (16.8) | 3239 (89.0) | 401 (11.0) | 552 (87.9) | 76 (12.1) |
Living on present income | p < 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | p > 0.05 | ||||||
Living really comfortably | 883 (23.5) | 141 (21.7) | 773 (89.7) | 89 (10.3) | 116 (87.2) | 17 (12.8) | 749 (87.1) | 111 (12.9) | 116 (86.6) | 18 (13.4) |
Living comfortably | 1337 (35.6) | 218 (33.5) | 1170 (90.1) | 129 (9.9) | 180 (84.9) | 32 (15.1) | 1150 (88.6) | 148 (11.4) | 187 (88.2) | 25 (11.8) |
Neither comfortable nor struggling | 913 (24.3) | 182 (28.0) | 763 (86.7) | 117 (13.3) | 149 (84.2) | 28 (15.8) | 801 (91.3) | 76 (8.7) | 155 (87.1) | 23 (12.9) |
Struggling | 388 (10.3) | 65 (10.0) | 306 (80.3) | 75 (19.7) | 48 (76.2) | 15 (23.8) | 341 (89.7) | 39 (10.3) | 58 (92.1) | 5 (7.9) |
Really struggling | 238 (6.3) | 45 (6.9) | 159 (69.7) | 69 (30.3) | 29 (70.7) | 12 (29.3) | 199 (87.7) | 28 (12.3) | 36 (87.8) | 5 (12.2) |
Total | 3759 (100) | 651 (100) | 3171 (86.9) | 479 (13.1) | 522 (83.4) | 104 (16.6) | 3240 (89) | 402 (11.0) | 552 (87.9) | 76 (12.1) |