Table 1 Sample characteristics

Psychosocial work stress

0.95 ± 0.38 (0.26–2.00)

0.94 ± 0.36 (0.28–3.67)

0.94 ± 3.37 (0.26–3.67)

Symptoms of depression

6.93 ± 4.68 (0–22)

4.68 ± 4.23 (0–20)

5.65 ± 4.56 (0–22)

Symptoms of aggressiveness

3.50 ± 3.46 (0–19)

1.95 ± 2.56 (0–15)

2.60 ± 3.07 (0–19)

Parent-child bonding  

13.95 ± 8.74 (0–41)

12.03 ± 7.54 (0–43)

12.85 ± 8.12 (0–43)

Age

32.98 ± 3.87 (25–43)

34.55 ± 4.96 (24–55)

33.88 ± 4.59 (24–55)

Education

     No university degree

82 (50.3)

120 (55.3)

202 (53.2)

     University degree

81 (49.7)

97 (44.7)

178 (46.8)

Age of index child

21.50 ± 6.55 (1–34)

14.63 ± 9.06 (0–32)

17.58 ± 8.74 (0–34)

       0–12 months

16 (9.8)

101 (46.5)

117 (30.8)

     13–24 months

88 (54.0)

75 (34.6)

163 (42.9)

     25–36 months

59 (36.2)

41 (18.9)

100 (26.3)

Number of children

1.22 ± 0.46 (1–4)

1.24 ± 0.56 (1–4)

1.23 ± 0.51 (1–4)

     1

129 (79.1)

174 (80.2)

303 (79.7)

     2

33 (20.2)

35 (16.1)

68 (17.9)

     3

0 (0.0)

6 (2.8)

6 (1.6)

     4

1 (0.6)

2 (0.9)

3 (0.8)

Hours of work^a

28.58 ± 10.77 (2–55)

35.0 ± 12.17 (2–72)

32.29 ± 12.02 (2–72)

Childcare^b

4.92 ± 2.19 (1.5–22)

2.85 ± 1.58 (0–9)

3.72 ± 2.12 (0–22)

Household work^b

2.04 ± 1.38 (0–13)

1.70 ± 1.30 (0–8.5)

1.85 ± 1.34 (0–13)

Home office

     No

61 (37.4)

79 (36.4)

140 (36.8)

     Yes

102 (62.6)

138 (63.6)

240 (63.2)