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Table 3 Prevalence of respiratory symptoms based on the cooking fuel type

From: Impact of solid fuel usage on respiratory symptoms among reproductive aged women: a cross-sectional study in Sri Lanka

Respiratory symptom

Firewood only users [n = 93]

n (%)

LPG-only users

[n = 113]

n (%)

Kerosene only users

[n = 01]

n (%)

Firewood + LPG users

[n = 179]

n (%)

Firewood + Kerosene users

[n = 17]

n (%)

Firewood alone or in combination users [s = 289]

n (%)

Cough

 Having cough usually

31 (7.6)a,*

17 (4.2)

01 (0.2)

36 (8.9)

06 (1.5)

73 (18.1)c, *

 Having cough 4–6 times a day, four or more days out of the week

6 (1.5)

6 (1.5)

00 (0.0)

13 (3.2)

01 (0.2)

20 (5.0)

 Cough at all on getting up

13 (3.2)a, *

5 (1.2)

00 (0.0)

24 (6.0)

02 (0.5)

39 (9.7)c, *

 Cough at all during the rest of the day or night

13 (3.2)

10 (2.5)

01 (0.2)

09 (2.2)

03 (0.7)

25 (6.2)

Phlegm

 Bringing up phlegm from the chest usually

38 (9.4)

34 (8.4)

01 (0.2)

84 (20.8)b, *

08 (2.0)

130 (32.3)c, *

 Bringing up phlegm twice a day, four or more days out of the week

15 (3.7)

15 (3.7)

00 (0.0)

39 (9.7)

06 (1.5)

60 (14.9)

 Bringing up phlegm at all on getting up

23 (5.7)

17 (4.2)

01 (0.2)

54 (13.4)b, *

05 (1.2)

82 (20.3)

 Bringing up phlegm at all during the rest of the day or at night

16 (4.0)

17 (4.2)

00 (0.0)

29 (7.2)

04 (1.0)

49 (12.2)

Wheezing

 Having whistling sound on the chest with cold

34 (8.4)a, *

22 (5.5)

01 (0.2)

36 (8.9)

08 (2.0)

78 (19.3)

 Having whistling sound on chest without cold

15 (3.7)

10 (2.5)

01 (0.2)

18 (4.5)

02 (0.5)

35 (8.7)

 Having whistling sound on chest at most nights

05 (1.2)

09 (2.2)

01 (0.2)

13 (3.2)

01 (0.2)

19 (4.7)

 Experienced of wheezing attacks that caused short of breath

25 (6.3)

19 (4.8)

01 (0.2)

28 (7.0)

06 (1.5)

59 (14.6)

 Treated with medicine for wheezing attacks

20 (5.0)

17 (4.2)

01 (0.2)

27 (6.7)

07 (1.7)

54 (13.4)

 Dyspnea

      

 Troubled by dyspnea when hurrying in the level or walking up slight hill

29 (7.2)

24 (6.0)

00 (0.0)

38 (9.4)

08 (2.0)

75 (18.6)

 Slower than people of own age on level because of breathlessness

17 (4.2)a

09 (2.2)

00 (0.0)

25 (6.2)

02 (0.5)

44 (10.9)c

 Stop for breath when walking at the own pace on the level

18 (4.5)a

09 (2.2)

00 (0.0)

38 (9.4)b

03 (0.7)

59 (14.6)c

  1. Abbreviation: LPG Liquid petroleum gas
  2. aSignificant difference was identified when comparing firewood only users and LPG-only users
  3. bSignificant difference was identified when comparing LPG only users and firewood plus LPG users
  4. cSignificant difference was identified when comparing LPG only users and firewood alone or in combination users
  5. *p < 0.05